Flavor ingredient regulatory record
4,4-Dibutyl-gamma-butyrolactone
4,4-Dibutyl-gamma-butyrolactone is a lactone in the fruity family, FEMA GRAS under FEMA number 2372 (CAS 7774-47-2). Its odor is sweet, creamy, fruity, buttery.
- FEMA
- 2372
- CAS
- 7774-47-2
- JECFA
- 227
- EU FL
- 10.018
- Formula
- C12H22O2
- EC
- 231-875-9
GRAS status: FEMA GRAS, publication 3. Recorded by FDA in the Substances Added to Food inventory under CAS 7774-47-2.
Structure
Identity
Also known as: 2(3H)-Furanone, 5,5-dibutyldihydro-, 5,5-Dibutyldihydro-2(3H)-furanone, 4,4-Dibutyl-γ-butyrolactone, 2(3h)-furanone, 5,5-dibutyldihydro-, dibutylbutyrolactone, 5,5-dibutyldihydrofuran-2(3h)-one, 5,5-dibutyldihydro-2(3h)-furanone, 4-butyl-4-hydroxyoctanoic acid lactone, 5,5-dibutyl dihydrofuran-2(3h)-one, 4,4-dibutyl-4-hydroxybutyric acid gamma-lactone, 4,4-dibutyl-(gamma)-butyrolactone, 4,4-dibutyl-.gamma.-butyrolactone.
Can 4,4-Dibutyl-gamma-butyrolactone be labeled natural?
4,4-Dibutyl-gamma-butyrolactone occurs in nature, so the label depends on the route: 4,4-Dibutyl-gamma-butyrolactone won from a natural source by a physical, enzymatic or microbiological process is natural flavor in the United States, and synthesized 4,4-Dibutyl-gamma-butyrolactone is artificial. The EU and UK follow the same logic without a middle class; Mercosur and Mexico label synthetic 4,4-Dibutyl-gamma-butyrolactone identical-to-natural.
- United States
- Natural or artificial, by process
- European Union and UK
- Natural only from natural material
- Mercosur and Mexico
- Natural or identical-to-natural
How each market defines the classes: natural vs artificial flavor under 21 CFR 101.22.
Regulatory status, with citations
United States
4,4-Dibutyl-gamma-butyrolactone is FEMA GRAS under FEMA number 2372. It is cited in the Code of Federal Regulations at 21 CFR 172.515.
European Union and United Kingdom
Listed on the Union List of flavouring substances as FL 10.018, Annex I Part A under Regulation (EC) 1334/2008, evaluation status approved (JECFA). The UK retains the same list.
JECFA (WHO / FAO)
JECFA number 227, evaluated at the 49th meeting in 1997. No safety concern at current levels of intake when used as a flavouring agent.
Other US flags
Not on the California Proposition 65 list.
TSCA Inventory status
A flavor ingredient is also an industrial chemical. 4,4-Dibutyl-gamma-butyrolactone appears on the EPA Toxic Substances Control Act Chemical Substance Inventory under CAS 7774-47-2, where EPA names it 2(3H)-Furanone, 5,5-dibutyldihydro-.
Inactive in US commerce
EPA designates this substance inactive, so a Notice of Activity Form B is required before anyone manufactures or processes it again. Being FEMA GRAS does not change that. What active and inactive mean.
EPA publishes no regulatory flags on this listing. What the flags mean.
From the EPA non-confidential TSCA Inventory, July 2026 release. EPA also maintains a confidential portion it does not publish. Search the Inventory by CAS number.
Odor and taste
Odor: Sweet, creamy, fruity, buttery.
Where it is used
4,4-Dibutyl-gamma-butyrolactone is used in beverage, confection, dairy, bakery and desserts, typically as a fruity note.
Structurally similar flavor ingredients
Flavor ingredients with a GRAS determination closest to 4,4-Dibutyl-gamma-butyrolactone by structure. Whether one can replace it is a sensory and regulatory call; the reformulation tool works that through.
| Material | FEMA | Similarity | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| gamma-Dodecalactone | 2400 | 72% | In nature |
| gamma-Decalactone | 2360 | 70% | In nature |
| n-Amyl heptanoate | 2073 | 70% | In nature |
| 6-Undecanone | 4022 | 64% | In nature |
| Tributyrin | 2223 | 59% | In nature |
More lactones in this index
epsilon-Decalactone · 2-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-cyclopropanecarbocyclic acid delta-lactone · (+/-) 3-Methyl-gamma-decalactone · 5-Hydroxy-2,4-decadienoic acid delta-lactone · Octahydrocoumarin · gamma-Undecalactone
4,4-Dibutyl-gamma-butyrolactone FAQ
Is 4,4-Dibutyl-gamma-butyrolactone on the FEMA GRAS list?
It is. FEMA number 2372 covers 4,4-Dibutyl-gamma-butyrolactone. It is also codified at 21 CFR 172.515.
What is the FEMA number for 4,4-Dibutyl-gamma-butyrolactone?
The FEMA number for 4,4-Dibutyl-gamma-butyrolactone is 2372 and its CAS registry number is 7774-47-2. FEMA files it in the fruity flavor category.
Is 4,4-Dibutyl-gamma-butyrolactone natural or artificial?
Since 4,4-Dibutyl-gamma-butyrolactone is found in nature, US labeling follows how it was obtained: natural flavor from a natural source and a natural process, artificial when 4,4-Dibutyl-gamma-butyrolactone is synthesized. The EU and UK follow the same logic without a middle class; Mercosur and Mexico label synthetic 4,4-Dibutyl-gamma-butyrolactone identical-to-natural.
Is 4,4-Dibutyl-gamma-butyrolactone approved in the EU?
4,4-Dibutyl-gamma-butyrolactone is on the EU Union List of flavouring substances as FL 10.018 (Annex I Part A) under Regulation 1334/2008.
Has JECFA evaluated 4,4-Dibutyl-gamma-butyrolactone?
Yes. JECFA number 227, evaluated at the 49th meeting in 1997. Conclusion: No safety concern at current levels of intake when used as a flavouring agent.
What is 4,4-Dibutyl-gamma-butyrolactone used for?
4,4-Dibutyl-gamma-butyrolactone is described as sweet, creamy, fruity, buttery. It shows up in beverage, confection, dairy, bakery and desserts.
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Sources and attribution. The identity and regulatory facts on this page are taken from the FDA Substances Added to Food inventory, a US government record, which lists this substance as 4,4-DIBUTYL-GAMMA-BUTYROLACTONE under CAS 7774-47-2 and carries its FEMA number, its JECFA flavor number and its 21 CFR citations. The inventory is searchable at FDA. FDA records its technical effect as flavoring agent or adjuvant.
A FEMA GRAS conclusion is reached by the Expert Panel of the Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association of the United States, and the FEMA number names that conclusion. FEMA publishes its own entry for this substance in the FEMA Flavor Library, which is the authoritative record of what the Panel decided and is worth reading alongside this page.
Ambrose Compliance is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by FEMA. FEMA and FEMA GRAS are used here as identifiers for a published regulatory determination, not as marks of any relationship between FEMA and Ambrose.
About this page. Facts come from the FDA Substances Added to Food inventory, the Code of Federal Regulations, the EPA TSCA Inventory, the EU Union List, JECFA and the Ambrose database, with FEMA's published determination cited where it applies; parts of the text are written by Ambrose AI, which can make mistakes. Check the cited source before relying on anything here. This is not regulatory or legal advice.