Flavor ingredient regulatory record
Butyraldehyde
Butyraldehyde is an aldehyde in the fruity family, FEMA GRAS under FEMA number 2219 (CAS 123-72-8). Its odor is sweet, fruity, nutty, creamy, buttery.
- FEMA
- 2219
- CAS
- 123-72-8
- JECFA
- 86
- EU FL
- 05.003
- Formula
- C4H8O
- EC
- 204-646-6
GRAS status: FEMA GRAS, publication 3. Recorded by FDA in the Substances Added to Food inventory under CAS 123-72-8.
Structure
Identity
Also known as: Butanal, Butal, Butaldehyde, Butyl aldehyde, n-Butyl aldehyde, Butyral, n-Butyraldehyde, Butyric aldehyde, Butyrylaldehyde, n-Butanal, Butanaldehyde, n-Butyric aldehyde.
Can Butyraldehyde be labeled natural?
The process decides for butyraldehyde. It occurs in nature, so a natural-source, natural-process material is natural flavor in the US and synthetic butyraldehyde is artificial. The EU and UK follow the same logic without a middle class; Mercosur and Mexico label synthetic butyraldehyde identical-to-natural.
- United States
- Natural or artificial, by process
- European Union and UK
- Natural only from natural material
- Mercosur and Mexico
- Natural or identical-to-natural
How each market defines the classes: natural vs artificial flavor under 21 CFR 101.22.
Regulatory status, with citations
United States
Butyraldehyde is FEMA GRAS under FEMA number 2219. It is cited in the Code of Federal Regulations at 21 CFR 172.515.
European Union and United Kingdom
Listed on the Union List of flavouring substances as FL 05.003, Annex I Part A under Regulation (EC) 1334/2008, evaluation status approved (JECFA). The UK retains the same list.
JECFA (WHO / FAO)
JECFA number 86, evaluated at the 49th meeting in 1997. No safety concern at current levels of intake when used as a flavouring agent.
Other US flags
Not on the California Proposition 65 list.
TSCA Inventory status
A flavor ingredient is also an industrial chemical. Butyraldehyde appears on the EPA Toxic Substances Control Act Chemical Substance Inventory under CAS 123-72-8, where EPA names it Butanal.
Active in US commerce
EPA designates this substance active, so no Notice of Activity Form B is required before manufacturing. What active and inactive mean.
EPA publishes no regulatory flags on this listing. What the flags mean.
From the EPA non-confidential TSCA Inventory, July 2026 release. EPA also maintains a confidential portion it does not publish. Search the Inventory by CAS number.
Odor and taste
Odor: Sweet, fruity, nutty, creamy, buttery.
Taste: Sweet, creamy, buttery.
Where it is used
Butyraldehyde is used in beverage, dairy, confection, bakery and savory dishes, typically as a fruity note.
Structurally similar flavor ingredients
Flavor ingredients with a GRAS determination closest to Butyraldehyde by structure. Whether one can replace it is a sensory and regulatory call; the reformulation tool works that through.
| Material | FEMA | Similarity | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ethyl formate | 2434 | 92% | In nature |
| Butyl alcohol | 2178 | 90% | In nature |
| 2-Pentanone | 2842 | 85% | In nature |
| Propyl alcohol | 2928 | 83% | In nature |
| 3-Penten-2-one | 3417 | 82% | In nature |
More aldehydes in this index
Heptanal propyleneglycol acetal · Phenylacetaldehyde 2,3-butylene glycol acetal · 1-Ethyl-2-pyrrolecarboxaldehyde · 2-Hydroxy-4-methylbenzaldehyde · 2,3-Epoxyheptanal · trans-2-Hexenal propylene glycol acetal
Butyraldehyde FAQ
Is butyraldehyde on the FEMA GRAS list?
It is. FEMA number 2219 covers butyraldehyde. The Code of Federal Regulations lists it at 21 CFR 172.515.
What is the FEMA number for butyraldehyde?
The FEMA number for butyraldehyde is 2219 and its CAS registry number is 123-72-8. Its flavor category is fruity.
What is butyraldehyde used for?
Butyraldehyde is described as sweet, fruity, nutty, creamy, buttery. On the palate it is sweet, creamy, buttery. It shows up in beverage, dairy, confection, bakery and savory dishes.
What did JECFA conclude about butyraldehyde?
JECFA evaluated butyraldehyde at the 49th meeting in 1997 under JECFA number 86. The panel concluded: No safety concern at current levels of intake when used as a flavouring agent.
Is butyraldehyde approved in the EU?
Yes. FL 05.003 is the Union List entry for butyraldehyde, annex I Part A, under Regulation 1334/2008, and the UK keeps the same list.
Is butyraldehyde natural or artificial?
Nature makes butyraldehyde, which is why the US label turns on process. A natural route gives natural flavor; synthesis gives artificial butyraldehyde, same molecule. The EU and UK grant the natural claim only to that natural route; Mercosur and Mexico call synthetic material identical-to-natural.
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Sources and attribution. The identity and regulatory facts on this page are taken from the FDA Substances Added to Food inventory, a US government record, which lists this substance as BUTYRALDEHYDE under CAS 123-72-8 and carries its FEMA number, its JECFA flavor number and its 21 CFR citations. The inventory is searchable at FDA. FDA records its technical effect as flavoring agent or adjuvant.
A FEMA GRAS conclusion is reached by the Expert Panel of the Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association of the United States, and the FEMA number names that conclusion. FEMA publishes its own entry for this substance in the FEMA Flavor Library, which is the authoritative record of what the Panel decided and is worth reading alongside this page.
Ambrose Compliance is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by FEMA. FEMA and FEMA GRAS are used here as identifiers for a published regulatory determination, not as marks of any relationship between FEMA and Ambrose.
About this page. Facts come from the FDA Substances Added to Food inventory, the Code of Federal Regulations, the EPA TSCA Inventory, the EU Union List, JECFA and the Ambrose database, with FEMA's published determination cited where it applies; parts of the text are written by Ambrose AI, which can make mistakes. Check the cited source before relying on anything here. This is not regulatory or legal advice.