Flavor ingredient regulatory record
1-Phenyl-1-propanol
1-Phenyl-1-propanol is an alcohol in the fruity family, FEMA GRAS under FEMA number 2884 (CAS 93-54-9). Its odor is sweet, floral, fruity, balsamic.
- FEMA
- 2884
- CAS
- 93-54-9
- JECFA
- 822
- EU FL
- 02.033
- Formula
- C9H12O
- EC
- 202-256-0
GRAS status: FEMA GRAS, publication 3. Recorded by FDA in the Substances Added to Food inventory under CAS 93-54-9.
Structure
Identity
Also known as: Benzenemethanol, α-ethyl-, Benzyl alcohol, α-ethyl-, α-Ethylbenzenemethanol, α-Ethylbenzyl alcohol, Felicur, Phenylchol, 1-Phenylpropyl alcohol, Unichol, 1-Propanol, 1-phenyl-, 1-Phenyl-1-hydroxypropane, Phenyl ethyl carbinol, ω-Ethylbenzyl alcohol.
Can 1-Phenyl-1-propanol be labeled natural?
1-Phenyl-1-propanol occurs in nature, so the label depends on the route: 1-Phenyl-1-propanol won from a natural source by a physical, enzymatic or microbiological process is natural flavor in the United States, and synthesized 1-Phenyl-1-propanol is artificial. In the EU and UK the natural claim likewise needs the natural route, while Mercosur and Mexico keep a third class, identical-to-natural, for the synthetic material.
- United States
- Natural or artificial, by process
- European Union and UK
- Natural only from natural material
- Mercosur and Mexico
- Natural or identical-to-natural
How each market defines the classes: natural vs artificial flavor under 21 CFR 101.22.
Regulatory status, with citations
United States
1-Phenyl-1-propanol is FEMA GRAS under FEMA number 2884. It is cited in the Code of Federal Regulations at 21 CFR 172.515.
European Union and United Kingdom
Listed on the Union List of flavouring substances as FL 02.033, Annex I Part A under Regulation (EC) 1334/2008, evaluation status approved (EFSA). The UK retains the same list.
JECFA (WHO / FAO)
JECFA number 822, evaluated at the 57th meeting in 2001. No safety concern at current levels of intake when used as a flavouring agent.
Other US flags
Not on the California Proposition 65 list.
Odor and taste
Odor: Sweet, floral, fruity, balsamic.
Taste: Sweet, smooth, slightly spicy.
Where it is used
1-Phenyl-1-propanol is used in beverage, confection, flavoring agents and baked goods, typically as a fruity note.
Structurally similar flavor ingredients
Flavor ingredients with a GRAS determination closest to 1-Phenyl-1-propanol by structure. Whether one can replace it is a sensory and regulatory call; the reformulation tool works that through.
| Material | FEMA | Similarity | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| o-Propylphenol | 3522 | 95% | In nature |
| Propiophenone | 3469 | 92% | In nature |
| Phenethyl alcohol | 2858 | 83% | In nature |
| 2-Propylpyridine | 4065 | 77% | In nature |
| alpha-Methylbenzyl alcohol | 2685 | 77% | In nature |
More alcohols in this index
4-Phenyl-2-butanol · cis-4-Decenol · Hexan-3-ol · Dihydro-beta-ionol · 1-Phenyl-3-methyl-3-pentanol · cis-5-Octen-1-ol
1-Phenyl-1-propanol FAQ
Does 1-Phenyl-1-propanol have FEMA GRAS status?
1-Phenyl-1-propanol holds FEMA GRAS status under FEMA number 2884. It is also codified at 21 CFR 172.515.
How do I cite 1-Phenyl-1-propanol by FEMA or CAS number?
Cite 1-Phenyl-1-propanol as FEMA 2884 or CAS 93-54-9; both point to the same entry. FEMA files it in the fruity flavor category.
Can 1-Phenyl-1-propanol be labeled a natural flavor?
Since 1-Phenyl-1-propanol is found in nature, US labeling follows how it was obtained: natural flavor from a natural source and a natural process, artificial when 1-Phenyl-1-propanol is synthesized. In the EU and UK the natural claim likewise needs the natural route, while Mercosur and Mexico keep a third class, identical-to-natural, for the synthetic material.
Can 1-Phenyl-1-propanol be used in the EU and UK?
1-Phenyl-1-propanol is on the EU Union List of flavouring substances as FL 02.033 (Annex I Part A) under Regulation 1334/2008.
Has JECFA evaluated 1-Phenyl-1-propanol?
Yes. JECFA number 822, evaluated at the 57th meeting in 2001. Conclusion: No safety concern at current levels of intake when used as a flavouring agent.
What does 1-Phenyl-1-propanol smell and taste like, and where is it used?
The odor of 1-Phenyl-1-propanol is sweet, floral, fruity, balsamic. On the palate it is sweet, smooth, slightly spicy. Typical uses are beverage, confection, flavoring agents and baked goods.
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Guides: What Is FEMA GRAS? · Natural vs artificial · Filing a GRAS notification
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Sources and attribution. The identity and regulatory facts on this page are taken from the FDA Substances Added to Food inventory, a US government record, which lists this substance as 1-PHENYL-1-PROPANOL under CAS 93-54-9 and carries its FEMA number, its JECFA flavor number and its 21 CFR citations. The inventory is searchable at FDA. FDA records its technical effect as flavoring agent or adjuvant.
A FEMA GRAS conclusion is reached by the Expert Panel of the Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association of the United States, and the FEMA number names that conclusion. FEMA publishes its own entry for this substance in the FEMA Flavor Library, which is the authoritative record of what the Panel decided and is worth reading alongside this page.
Ambrose Compliance is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by FEMA. FEMA and FEMA GRAS are used here as identifiers for a published regulatory determination, not as marks of any relationship between FEMA and Ambrose.
About this page. Facts come from the FDA Substances Added to Food inventory, the Code of Federal Regulations, the EPA TSCA Inventory, the EU Union List, JECFA and the Ambrose database, with FEMA's published determination cited where it applies; parts of the text are written by Ambrose AI, which can make mistakes. Check the cited source before relying on anything here. This is not regulatory or legal advice.