Flavor ingredient regulatory record
1-Phenyl-(3 or 5)-propylpyrazole
1-Phenyl-(3 or 5)-propylpyrazole is a pyrazole in the fruity family, FEMA GRAS under FEMA number 3727 (CAS 65504-93-0). Its odor is sweet, fruity, floral, spicy, herbal.
- FEMA
- 3727
- CAS
- 65504-93-0
- JECFA
- 1568
- EU FL
- 14.029
GRAS status: FEMA GRAS, publication 13. Recorded by FDA in the Substances Added to Food inventory under CAS 65504-93-0.
Structure
Under review
The structure for 1-Phenyl-(3 or 5)-propylpyrazole is still under identity review, so no drawing is shown until the record is confirmed.
Identity
Also known as: 1H-Pyrazole, 1-phenyl-3(or 5)-propyl-, 1-phenyl-3-propyl-pyrazole, 1-phenyl-3-propylpyrazole, pyrazole, 1-phenyl-3-propyl-, 1h-pyrazole, 1-phenyl-3-propyl-, 1-phenyl-3(or 5)-propylpyrazole, 1-phenyl-3-propyl-1h-pyrazole, 1h-pyrazole, 1-phenyl-3(or 5)-propyl-, pyrazole,1-phenyl-3-propyl-, 1-phenyl-3 or 5-propylpyrazole, 1-phenyl-3(or5)-propylpyrazole.
Can 1-Phenyl-(3 or 5)-propylpyrazole be labeled natural?
The process decides for 1-Phenyl-(3 or 5)-propylpyrazole. It occurs in nature, so a natural-source, natural-process material is natural flavor in the US and synthetic 1-Phenyl-(3 or 5)-propylpyrazole is artificial. In the EU and UK the natural claim likewise needs the natural route, while Mercosur and Mexico keep a third class, identical-to-natural, for the synthetic material.
- United States
- Natural or artificial, by process
- European Union and UK
- Natural only from natural material
- Mercosur and Mexico
- Natural or identical-to-natural
How each market defines the classes: natural vs artificial flavor under 21 CFR 101.22.
Regulatory status, with citations
United States
1-Phenyl-(3 or 5)-propylpyrazole is FEMA GRAS under FEMA number 3727. It is cited in the Code of Federal Regulations at 21 CFR 172.515.
European Union and United Kingdom
Listed on the Union List of flavouring substances as FL 14.029, Annex I Part A under Regulation (EC) 1334/2008, evaluation status approved (EFSA). The UK retains the same list.
JECFA (WHO / FAO)
JECFA number 1568, evaluated at the 65th meeting in 2005. no safety concern at current levels of intake.
Other US flags
Not on the California Proposition 65 list.
Odor and taste
Odor: Sweet, fruity, floral, spicy, herbal.
Where it is used
1-Phenyl-(3 or 5)-propylpyrazole is used in beverage, confection, flavoring agent and snacks, typically as a fruity note.
Structurally similar flavor ingredients
Flavor ingredients with a GRAS determination closest to 1-Phenyl-(3 or 5)-propylpyrazole by structure. Whether one can replace it is a sensory and regulatory call; the reformulation tool works that through.
| Material | FEMA | Similarity | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1-Ethyl-2-acetylpyrrole | 3147 | 60% | In nature |
| 1-Furfurylpyrrole | 3284 | 58% | In nature |
| 1-Ethyl-2-pyrrolecarboxaldehyde | 4317 | 53% | In nature |
| Caffeine | 2224 | 52% | In nature |
| 1-Methyl-2-acetylpyrrole | 3184 | 51% | In nature |
More pyrazoles in this index
3-(1-((3,5-Dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)methyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1-(3-hydroxybenzyl)-5,5-dimethylimidazolidine-2,4-dione · 3-(1-((3,5-Dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)methyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1-(3-hydroxybenzyl)-imidazolidine-2,4-dione
1-Phenyl-(3 or 5)-propylpyrazole FAQ
Does 1-Phenyl-(3 or 5)-propylpyrazole have FEMA GRAS status?
1-Phenyl-(3 or 5)-propylpyrazole holds FEMA GRAS status under FEMA number 3727. The Code of Federal Regulations lists it at 21 CFR 172.515.
How do I cite 1-Phenyl-(3 or 5)-propylpyrazole by FEMA or CAS number?
Cite 1-Phenyl-(3 or 5)-propylpyrazole as FEMA 3727 or CAS 65504-93-0; both point to the same entry. Its flavor category is fruity.
What does 1-Phenyl-(3 or 5)-propylpyrazole smell and taste like, and where is it used?
The odor of 1-Phenyl-(3 or 5)-propylpyrazole is sweet, fruity, floral, spicy, herbal. Typical uses are beverage, confection, flavoring agent and snacks.
What did JECFA conclude about 1-Phenyl-(3 or 5)-propylpyrazole?
JECFA evaluated 1-Phenyl-(3 or 5)-propylpyrazole at the 65th meeting in 2005 under JECFA number 1568. The panel concluded: no safety concern at current levels of intake.
Can 1-Phenyl-(3 or 5)-propylpyrazole be used in the EU and UK?
Yes. FL 14.029 is the Union List entry for 1-Phenyl-(3 or 5)-propylpyrazole, annex I Part A, under Regulation 1334/2008, and the UK keeps the same list.
Can 1-Phenyl-(3 or 5)-propylpyrazole be labeled a natural flavor?
Nature makes 1-Phenyl-(3 or 5)-propylpyrazole, which is why the US label turns on process. A natural route gives natural flavor; synthesis gives artificial 1-Phenyl-(3 or 5)-propylpyrazole, same molecule. The EU and UK follow the same logic without a middle class; Mercosur and Mexico label synthetic 1-Phenyl-(3 or 5)-propylpyrazole identical-to-natural.
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Sources and attribution. The identity and regulatory facts on this page are taken from the FDA Substances Added to Food inventory, a US government record, which lists this substance as 1-PHENYL-3 OR 5-PROPYLPYRAZOLE under CAS 65504-93-0 and carries its FEMA number, its JECFA flavor number. The inventory is searchable at FDA. FDA records its technical effect as flavor enhancer, flavoring agent or adjuvant.
A FEMA GRAS conclusion is reached by the Expert Panel of the Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association of the United States, and the FEMA number names that conclusion. FEMA publishes its own entry for this substance in the FEMA Flavor Library, which is the authoritative record of what the Panel decided and is worth reading alongside this page.
Ambrose Compliance is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by FEMA. FEMA and FEMA GRAS are used here as identifiers for a published regulatory determination, not as marks of any relationship between FEMA and Ambrose.
About this page. Facts come from the FDA Substances Added to Food inventory, the Code of Federal Regulations, the EPA TSCA Inventory, the EU Union List, JECFA and the Ambrose database, with FEMA's published determination cited where it applies; parts of the text are written by Ambrose AI, which can make mistakes. Check the cited source before relying on anything here. This is not regulatory or legal advice.