Flavor ingredient regulatory record
1-Furfurylpyrrole
1-Furfurylpyrrole is a furan in the earthy family, FEMA GRAS under FEMA number 3284 (CAS 1438-94-4). Its odor is nutty, roasted, earthy, slightly sweet.
- FEMA
- 3284
- CAS
- 1438-94-4
- JECFA
- 1310
- EU FL
- 13.134
- Formula
- C9H9NO
- EC
- 215-876-1
GRAS status: FEMA GRAS, publication 5. Recorded by FDA in the Substances Added to Food inventory under CAS 1438-94-4.
Structure
Identity
Also known as: 1H-Pyrrole, 1-(2-furanylmethyl)-, Pyrrole, 1-furfuryl-, 1-(2-Furanylmethyl)-1H-pyrrole, N-(2-Furfuryl)pyrrole, N-Furfurylpyrrole, 1-(2-Furylmethyl)pyrrole, N-(2-Furylmethyl)-1H-Pyrrole, 1-(Furan-2-ylmethyl)pyrrole, 1-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-1h-pyrrole, n-furfurylpyrrole, 1h-pyrrole, 1-(2-furanylmethyl)-, 1-(2-furanylmethyl)-1h-pyrrole.
Can 1-Furfurylpyrrole be labeled natural?
1-Furfurylpyrrole occurs in nature, so the label depends on the route: 1-Furfurylpyrrole won from a natural source by a physical, enzymatic or microbiological process is natural flavor in the United States, and synthesized 1-Furfurylpyrrole is artificial. The EU and UK follow the same logic without a middle class; Mercosur and Mexico label synthetic 1-Furfurylpyrrole identical-to-natural.
- United States
- Natural or artificial, by process
- European Union and UK
- Natural only from natural material
- Mercosur and Mexico
- Natural or identical-to-natural
How each market defines the classes: natural vs artificial flavor under 21 CFR 101.22.
Regulatory status, with citations
United States
1-Furfurylpyrrole is FEMA GRAS under FEMA number 3284. It is cited in the Code of Federal Regulations at 21 CFR 172.515.
European Union and United Kingdom
Listed on the Union List of flavouring substances as FL 13.134, Annex I Part A under Regulation (EC) 1334/2008, evaluation status approved (EFSA). The UK retains the same list.
JECFA (WHO / FAO)
JECFA number 1310, evaluated at the 64th meeting in 2005. no safety concern at current levels of intake.
Other US flags
Not on the California Proposition 65 list.
TSCA Inventory status
A flavor ingredient is also an industrial chemical. 1-Furfurylpyrrole appears on the EPA Toxic Substances Control Act Chemical Substance Inventory under CAS 1438-94-4, where EPA names it 1H-Pyrrole, 1-(2-furanylmethyl)-.
Active in US commerce
EPA designates this substance active, so no Notice of Activity Form B is required before manufacturing. What active and inactive mean.
EPA publishes no regulatory flags on this listing. What the flags mean.
From the EPA non-confidential TSCA Inventory, July 2026 release. EPA also maintains a confidential portion it does not publish. Search the Inventory by CAS number.
Odor and taste
Odor: Nutty, roasted, earthy, slightly sweet.
Where it is used
1-Furfurylpyrrole is used in beverage, savory dishes, snacks and seasonings, typically as a earthy note.
Structurally similar flavor ingredients
Flavor ingredients with a GRAS determination closest to 1-Furfurylpyrrole by structure. Whether one can replace it is a sensory and regulatory call; the reformulation tool works that through.
| Material | FEMA | Similarity | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| di-2-Furylmethane | 4540 | 80% | In nature |
| Furfural propyleneglycol acetal | 4537 | 74% | Not determined |
| 1-Ethyl-2-pyrrolecarboxaldehyde | 4317 | 68% | In nature |
| 1-Methyl-2-acetylpyrrole | 3184 | 67% | In nature |
| 1-Methyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde | 4332 | 66% | In nature |
More furans in this index
2-Acetyl-5-methylfuran · 5-Methylfurfural · 2,5-Dimethylfuran · 2-Decylfuran · 2-Pentylfuran · Furfuryl methyl ether
1-Furfurylpyrrole FAQ
Is 1-Furfurylpyrrole on the FEMA GRAS list?
It is. FEMA number 3284 covers 1-Furfurylpyrrole. It is also codified at 21 CFR 172.515.
What is the FEMA number for 1-Furfurylpyrrole?
The FEMA number for 1-Furfurylpyrrole is 3284 and its CAS registry number is 1438-94-4. FEMA files it in the earthy flavor category.
Is 1-Furfurylpyrrole natural or artificial?
Since 1-Furfurylpyrrole is found in nature, US labeling follows how it was obtained: natural flavor from a natural source and a natural process, artificial when 1-Furfurylpyrrole is synthesized. The EU and UK follow the same logic without a middle class; Mercosur and Mexico label synthetic 1-Furfurylpyrrole identical-to-natural.
Is 1-Furfurylpyrrole approved in the EU?
1-Furfurylpyrrole is on the EU Union List of flavouring substances as FL 13.134 (Annex I Part A) under Regulation 1334/2008.
Has JECFA evaluated 1-Furfurylpyrrole?
Yes. JECFA number 1310, evaluated at the 64th meeting in 2005. Conclusion: no safety concern at current levels of intake.
What is 1-Furfurylpyrrole used for?
1-Furfurylpyrrole is described as nutty, roasted, earthy, slightly sweet. It shows up in beverage, savory dishes, snacks and seasonings.
Ingredient lookup
Check an ingredient
Start typing to search the ingredient corpus.
Or browse every ingredient page, A to Z.
Guides: What Is FEMA GRAS? · Natural vs artificial · Filing a GRAS notification
Check 1-Furfurylpyrrole in a formula
Screened against FEMA GRAS, 21 CFR and EU rules as you build. Free to start.
Sources and attribution. The identity and regulatory facts on this page are taken from the FDA Substances Added to Food inventory, a US government record, which lists this substance as N-FURFURYLPYRROLE under CAS 1438-94-4 and carries its FEMA number, its JECFA flavor number. The inventory is searchable at FDA. FDA records its technical effect as flavoring agent or adjuvant.
A FEMA GRAS conclusion is reached by the Expert Panel of the Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association of the United States, and the FEMA number names that conclusion. FEMA publishes its own entry for this substance in the FEMA Flavor Library, which is the authoritative record of what the Panel decided and is worth reading alongside this page.
Ambrose Compliance is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by FEMA. FEMA and FEMA GRAS are used here as identifiers for a published regulatory determination, not as marks of any relationship between FEMA and Ambrose.
About this page. Facts come from the FDA Substances Added to Food inventory, the Code of Federal Regulations, the EPA TSCA Inventory, the EU Union List, JECFA and the Ambrose database, with FEMA's published determination cited where it applies; parts of the text are written by Ambrose AI, which can make mistakes. Check the cited source before relying on anything here. This is not regulatory or legal advice.