Flavor ingredient regulatory record
5-Ethyl-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone
5-Ethyl-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone is a furan in the fruity family, FEMA GRAS under FEMA number 3153 (CAS 698-10-2). Its odor is sweet, fruity, caramel, toffee, nutty.
- FEMA
- 3153
- CAS
- 698-10-2
- JECFA
- 222
- EU FL
- 10.023
- Formula
- C7H10O3
- EC
- 211-811-6
GRAS status: FEMA GRAS, publication 4. Recorded by FDA in the Substances Added to Food inventory under CAS 698-10-2.
Structure
Identity
Also known as: 2(5H)-Furanone, 5-ethyl-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-, 2-Hexenoic acid, 2,4-dihydroxy-3-methyl-, γ-lactone, α-Hydroxy-β-methyl-Δα,β-γ-hexenolactone, Abhexone, α-Hydroxy-β-methyl-γ-hexenolactone, Homosotolone, 3-Hydroxy-4-methyl-5-ethyl-2(5H)-furanone, Abhexon, 2-Ethyl-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2H-furan-5-one, Maple furanone, 5-ethyl-3-hydroxy-4-methylfuran-2(5h)-one, maple furanone.
Can 5-Ethyl-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone be labeled natural?
Nature makes 5-Ethyl-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, which is why the US label turns on process. A natural route gives natural flavor; synthesis gives artificial 5-Ethyl-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, same molecule. The EU and UK follow the same logic without a middle class; Mercosur and Mexico label synthetic 5-Ethyl-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone identical-to-natural.
- United States
- Natural or artificial, by process
- European Union and UK
- Natural only from natural material
- Mercosur and Mexico
- Natural or identical-to-natural
How each market defines the classes: natural vs artificial flavor under 21 CFR 101.22.
Regulatory status, with citations
United States
5-Ethyl-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone is FEMA GRAS under FEMA number 3153. It is cited in the Code of Federal Regulations at 21 CFR 172.515.
European Union and United Kingdom
Listed on the Union List of flavouring substances as FL 10.023, Annex I Part A under Regulation (EC) 1334/2008, evaluation status approved (JECFA/EFSA). The UK retains the same list.
JECFA (WHO / FAO)
JECFA number 222, evaluated at the 49th meeting in 1997. No safety concern at current levels of intake when used as a flavouring agent.
Other US flags
Not on the California Proposition 65 list.
TSCA Inventory status
A flavor ingredient is also an industrial chemical. 5-Ethyl-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone appears on the EPA Toxic Substances Control Act Chemical Substance Inventory under CAS 698-10-2, where EPA names it 2(5H)-Furanone, 5-ethyl-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-.
Active in US commerce
EPA designates this substance active, so no Notice of Activity Form B is required before manufacturing. What active and inactive mean.
EPA publishes no regulatory flags on this listing. What the flags mean.
From the EPA non-confidential TSCA Inventory, July 2026 release. EPA also maintains a confidential portion it does not publish. Search the Inventory by CAS number.
Odor and taste
Odor: Sweet, fruity, caramel, toffee, nutty.
Taste: Sweet, caramel, rich.
Where it is used
5-Ethyl-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone is used in beverage, confection, bakery and desserts, typically as a fruity note.
Structurally similar flavor ingredients
Flavor ingredients with a GRAS determination closest to 5-Ethyl-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone by structure. Whether one can replace it is a sensory and regulatory call; the reformulation tool works that through.
| Material | FEMA | Similarity | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2-Ethyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-3(2H)-furanone | 3623 | 92% | In nature |
| 4-Hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone | 3174 | 76% | In nature |
| 3-Methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid | 3870 | 76% | In nature |
| 4,5-Dimethyl-3-hydroxy-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-one | 3634 | 74% | In nature |
| Ethyl maltol | 3487 | 70% | In nature |
More furans in this index
2,2'-(Thiodimethylene)difuran · 2-Ethylfuran · 2-Pentanoylfuran · Ethyl furfuryl ether · 5-Methyl-3(2H)-furanone · di-2-Furylmethane
5-Ethyl-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone FAQ
Is 5-Ethyl-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone FEMA GRAS?
Yes. The FEMA Expert Panel lists 5-Ethyl-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone as GRAS under FEMA number 3153. The Code of Federal Regulations lists it at 21 CFR 172.515.
What are the FEMA and CAS numbers for 5-Ethyl-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone?
5-Ethyl-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone is FEMA 3153, CAS 698-10-2. Its flavor category is fruity.
How is 5-Ethyl-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone described, and where does it show up?
Flavorists describe 5-Ethyl-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone as sweet, fruity, caramel, toffee, nutty. On the palate it is sweet, caramel, rich. It is used in beverage, confection, bakery and desserts.
What did JECFA conclude about 5-Ethyl-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone?
JECFA evaluated 5-Ethyl-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone at the 49th meeting in 1997 under JECFA number 222. The panel concluded: No safety concern at current levels of intake when used as a flavouring agent.
Is 5-Ethyl-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone on the EU Union List?
Yes. FL 10.023 is the Union List entry for 5-Ethyl-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, annex I Part A, under Regulation 1334/2008, and the UK keeps the same list.
Does 5-Ethyl-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone count as natural in the US and the EU?
The process decides for 5-Ethyl-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone. It occurs in nature, so a natural-source, natural-process material is natural flavor in the US and synthetic 5-Ethyl-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone is artificial. The EU and UK follow the same logic without a middle class; Mercosur and Mexico label synthetic 5-Ethyl-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone identical-to-natural.
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Sources and attribution. The identity and regulatory facts on this page are taken from the FDA Substances Added to Food inventory, a US government record, which lists this substance as 5-ETHYL-3-HYDROXY-4-METHYL-2(5H)-FURANONE under CAS 698-10-2 and carries its FEMA number, its JECFA flavor number. The inventory is searchable at FDA. FDA records its technical effect as flavor enhancer, flavoring agent or adjuvant.
A FEMA GRAS conclusion is reached by the Expert Panel of the Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association of the United States, and the FEMA number names that conclusion. FEMA publishes its own entry for this substance in the FEMA Flavor Library, which is the authoritative record of what the Panel decided and is worth reading alongside this page.
Ambrose Compliance is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by FEMA. FEMA and FEMA GRAS are used here as identifiers for a published regulatory determination, not as marks of any relationship between FEMA and Ambrose.
About this page. Facts come from the FDA Substances Added to Food inventory, the Code of Federal Regulations, the EPA TSCA Inventory, the EU Union List, JECFA and the Ambrose database, with FEMA's published determination cited where it applies; parts of the text are written by Ambrose AI, which can make mistakes. Check the cited source before relying on anything here. This is not regulatory or legal advice.