Flavor ingredient regulatory record
4-Acetyl-2,5-dimethylfuran-3(2H)-one
4-Acetyl-2,5-dimethylfuran-3(2H)-one is a furan in the fruity family, FEMA GRAS under FEMA number 4070 (CAS 36871-78-0). Its odor is sweet, fruity, caramel, nutty, toasty.
- FEMA
- 4070
- CAS
- 36871-78-0
- JECFA
- 2234
- Formula
- C8H10O3
GRAS status: FEMA GRAS, publication 22. Recorded by FDA in the Substances Added to Food inventory under CAS 36871-78-0.
Structure
Identity
Also known as: 4-acetyl-2,5-dimethyl-3(2h)-furanone, 3(2h)-furanone, 4-acetyl-2,5-dimethyl-, 4-acetyl-2,5-dimethyl-3(2h)-furanone [fhfi], 4-acetyl-2,5-dimethyl-3(2h)-furanone, (+-)-, 4-acetyl-2,5-dimethylfuran-3-one, 4-acetyl-2,5-dimethyl-2,3-dihydrofuran-3-one, db-367274, 4-acetyl-2,5-dimethyl-3(2h)-furanone, (+/-)-.
Can 4-Acetyl-2,5-dimethylfuran-3(2H)-one be labeled natural?
Since 4-Acetyl-2,5-dimethylfuran-3(2H)-one is found in nature, US labeling follows how it was obtained: natural flavor from a natural source and a natural process, artificial when 4-Acetyl-2,5-dimethylfuran-3(2H)-one is synthesized. The EU and UK grant the natural claim only to that natural route; Mercosur and Mexico call synthetic material identical-to-natural.
- United States
- Natural or artificial, by process
- European Union and UK
- Natural only from natural material
- Mercosur and Mexico
- Natural or identical-to-natural
How each market defines the classes: natural vs artificial flavor under 21 CFR 101.22.
Regulatory status, with citations
United States
4-Acetyl-2,5-dimethylfuran-3(2H)-one is FEMA GRAS under FEMA number 4070. It is cited in the Code of Federal Regulations at 21 CFR 172.515.
European Union and United Kingdom
4-Acetyl-2,5-dimethylfuran-3(2H)-one was on the Union List of flavouring substances as FL 13.175 when Regulation (EU) 872/2012 adopted the list, and the entry has since been withdrawn. It does not appear in the current consolidated text of Regulation (EC) 1334/2008. Check the amending regulations for the conditions that applied to existing stock, and treat EU or UK use as closed unless another route covers it.
Other US flags
Not on the California Proposition 65 list.
Odor and taste
Odor: Sweet, fruity, caramel, nutty, toasty.
Taste: Sweet, caramel, nutty.
Where it is used
4-Acetyl-2,5-dimethylfuran-3(2H)-one is used in beverage, confection, bakery and desserts, typically as a fruity note.
Structurally similar flavor ingredients
Flavor ingredients with a GRAS determination closest to 4-Acetyl-2,5-dimethylfuran-3(2H)-one by structure. Whether one can replace it is a sensory and regulatory call; the reformulation tool works that through.
| Material | FEMA | Similarity | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2,5-Dimethyl-4-methoxy-3(2H)-furanone | 3664 | 90% | In nature |
| 1-Ethyl-2-acetylpyrrole | 3147 | 84% | In nature |
| 2-Acetyl-3,5-dimethylfuran | 4071 | 80% | Not determined |
| 2-Acetyl-3-methylpyrazine | 3964 | 79% | In nature |
| 2,5-Dimethyl-3-furanthiol | 3451 | 71% | In nature |
More furans in this index
2-Methyl-5-(methylthio)furan · 2,4-Difurfurylfuran · 2-Methylfuran · 2,5-Dimethylfuran-3(2H)-one · 2-Methyl-3-(methylthio)furan · 2-Ethylfuran
4-Acetyl-2,5-dimethylfuran-3(2H)-one FAQ
Is 4-Acetyl-2,5-dimethylfuran-3(2H)-one on the FEMA GRAS list?
It is. FEMA number 4070 covers 4-Acetyl-2,5-dimethylfuran-3(2H)-one. It is also codified at 21 CFR 172.515.
What is the FEMA number for 4-Acetyl-2,5-dimethylfuran-3(2H)-one?
The FEMA number for 4-Acetyl-2,5-dimethylfuran-3(2H)-one is 4070 and its CAS registry number is 36871-78-0. FEMA files it in the fruity flavor category.
Is 4-Acetyl-2,5-dimethylfuran-3(2H)-one natural or artificial?
4-Acetyl-2,5-dimethylfuran-3(2H)-one occurs in nature, so the label depends on the route: 4-Acetyl-2,5-dimethylfuran-3(2H)-one won from a natural source by a physical, enzymatic or microbiological process is natural flavor in the United States, and synthesized 4-Acetyl-2,5-dimethylfuran-3(2H)-one is artificial. In the EU and UK the natural claim likewise needs the natural route, while Mercosur and Mexico keep a third class, identical-to-natural, for the synthetic material.
Is 4-Acetyl-2,5-dimethylfuran-3(2H)-one approved in the EU?
No EU FL number is on file for 4-Acetyl-2,5-dimethylfuran-3(2H)-one. It has a JECFA evaluation (JECFA 2234), which the EU list draws on, but the Union List entry itself should be confirmed before EU use.
Has JECFA evaluated 4-Acetyl-2,5-dimethylfuran-3(2H)-one?
Yes. JECFA number 2234, evaluated at the 82nd meeting in 2016.
What is 4-Acetyl-2,5-dimethylfuran-3(2H)-one used for?
4-Acetyl-2,5-dimethylfuran-3(2H)-one is described as sweet, fruity, caramel, nutty, toasty. On the palate it is sweet, caramel, nutty. It shows up in beverage, confection, bakery and desserts.
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Guides: What Is FEMA GRAS? · Natural vs artificial · Filing a GRAS notification
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Sources and attribution. The identity and regulatory facts on this page are taken from the FDA Substances Added to Food inventory, a US government record, which lists this substance as 4-ACETYL-2,5-DIMETHYL-3(2H)-FURANONE under CAS 36871-78-0 and carries its FEMA number. The inventory is searchable at FDA. FDA records its technical effect as flavoring agent or adjuvant.
A FEMA GRAS conclusion is reached by the Expert Panel of the Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association of the United States, and the FEMA number names that conclusion. FEMA publishes its own entry for this substance in the FEMA Flavor Library, which is the authoritative record of what the Panel decided and is worth reading alongside this page.
Ambrose Compliance is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by FEMA. FEMA and FEMA GRAS are used here as identifiers for a published regulatory determination, not as marks of any relationship between FEMA and Ambrose.
About this page. Facts come from the FDA Substances Added to Food inventory, the Code of Federal Regulations, the EPA TSCA Inventory, the EU Union List, JECFA and the Ambrose database, with FEMA's published determination cited where it applies; parts of the text are written by Ambrose AI, which can make mistakes. Check the cited source before relying on anything here. This is not regulatory or legal advice.