Flavor ingredient regulatory record
2-Methyl-3-(p-tolyl)propionaldehyde
2-Methyl-3-(p-tolyl)propionaldehyde is an aldehyde in the fruity family, FEMA GRAS under FEMA number 2748 (CAS 41496-43-9). Its odor is sweet, fruity, floral, nutty, caramel.
- FEMA
- 2748
- CAS
- 41496-43-9
- JECFA
- 1466
- EU FL
- 05.052
- Formula
- C11H14O
- EC
- 255-410-4
GRAS status: FEMA GRAS, publication 3. Recorded by FDA in the Substances Added to Food inventory under CAS 977044-51-1.
Structure
Identity
Also known as: Benzenepropanal, α,4-dimethyl-, Hydrocinnamaldehyde, p,α-dimethyl-, α,4-Dimethylbenzenepropanal, 2-Methyl-3-(4-methylphenyl)propanal, 3-(4-Methylphenyl)-2-methylpropanal, p,α-Dimethylhydrocinnamaldehyde, NSC 22267, 2-Methyl-3-tolylpropionaldehyde, Jasmorange, 2-Methyl-3-p-tolylpropanal, Satinaldehyde, 2-methyl-3-(4-methylphenyl)propanal.
Can 2-Methyl-3-(p-tolyl)propionaldehyde be labeled natural?
Nature occurrence: Not yet found in nature (provisional).
Nature occurrence has not been settled for this substance, so the natural or artificial class is not stated here. The FEMA GRAS status does not depend on it.
Regulatory status, with citations
United States
2-Methyl-3-(p-tolyl)propionaldehyde is FEMA GRAS under FEMA number 2748. It is cited in the Code of Federal Regulations at 21 CFR 172.515.
European Union and United Kingdom
Listed on the Union List of flavouring substances as FL 05.052, Annex I Part A under Regulation (EC) 1334/2008, evaluation status approved (EFSA). The UK retains the same list.
JECFA (WHO / FAO)
JECFA number 1466, evaluated at the 63rd meeting in 2004. No safety concern at current levels of intake when used as a flavouring agent.
Other US flags
Not on the California Proposition 65 list.
TSCA Inventory status
A flavor ingredient is also an industrial chemical. 2-Methyl-3-(p-tolyl)propionaldehyde appears on the EPA Toxic Substances Control Act Chemical Substance Inventory under CAS 41496-43-9, where EPA names it Benzenepropanal, .alpha.,4-dimethyl-.
Active in US commerce
EPA designates this substance active, so no Notice of Activity Form B is required before manufacturing. What active and inactive mean.
EPA publishes no regulatory flags on this listing. What the flags mean.
From the EPA non-confidential TSCA Inventory, July 2026 release. EPA also maintains a confidential portion it does not publish. Search the Inventory by CAS number.
Odor and taste
Odor: Sweet, fruity, floral, nutty, caramel.
Where it is used
2-Methyl-3-(p-tolyl)propionaldehyde is used in beverage, confection, bakery, flavoring and desserts, typically as a fruity note.
Structurally similar flavor ingredients
Flavor ingredients with a GRAS determination closest to 2-Methyl-3-(p-tolyl)propionaldehyde by structure. Whether one can replace it is a sensory and regulatory call; the reformulation tool works that through.
| Material | FEMA | Similarity | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2-Methyl-3-(p-isopropylphenyl)propionaldehyde | 2743 | 78% | In nature |
| p-Methylcinnamaldehyde | 3640 | 78% | In nature |
| 4-(p-Tolyl)-2-butanone | 3074 | 68% | In nature |
| 3-(p-Isopropylphenyl)propionaldehyde | 2957 | 65% | In nature |
| alpha-Butylcinnamaldehyde | 2191 | 63% | In nature |
More aldehydes in this index
1-Methyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde · 4-Methyl-2-(methylthiomethyl)-2-pentenal · Nona-2(trans),6(cis)-dienal · 2-(Methylthio)methyl-2-butenal · cis-4-Heptenal · 3-(5-Methyl-2-furyl) butanal
2-Methyl-3-(p-tolyl)propionaldehyde FAQ
Is 2-Methyl-3-(p-tolyl)propionaldehyde FEMA GRAS?
Yes. The FEMA Expert Panel lists 2-Methyl-3-(p-tolyl)propionaldehyde as GRAS under FEMA number 2748. It is also codified at 21 CFR 172.515.
What are the FEMA and CAS numbers for 2-Methyl-3-(p-tolyl)propionaldehyde?
2-Methyl-3-(p-tolyl)propionaldehyde is FEMA 2748, CAS 41496-43-9. FEMA files it in the fruity flavor category.
Is 2-Methyl-3-(p-tolyl)propionaldehyde on the EU Union List?
2-Methyl-3-(p-tolyl)propionaldehyde is on the EU Union List of flavouring substances as FL 05.052 (Annex I Part A) under Regulation 1334/2008.
Has JECFA evaluated 2-Methyl-3-(p-tolyl)propionaldehyde?
Yes. JECFA number 1466, evaluated at the 63rd meeting in 2004. Conclusion: No safety concern at current levels of intake when used as a flavouring agent.
How is 2-Methyl-3-(p-tolyl)propionaldehyde described, and where does it show up?
Flavorists describe 2-Methyl-3-(p-tolyl)propionaldehyde as sweet, fruity, floral, nutty, caramel. It is used in beverage, confection, bakery, flavoring and desserts.
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Sources and attribution. The identity and regulatory facts on this page are taken from the FDA Substances Added to Food inventory, a US government record, which lists this substance as 2-METHYL-3-TOLYLPROPIONALDEHYDE (MIXED O-, M-, P-) under CAS 977044-51-1 and carries its FEMA number, its JECFA flavor number and its 21 CFR citations. The inventory is searchable at FDA. FDA records its technical effect as flavoring agent or adjuvant.
A FEMA GRAS conclusion is reached by the Expert Panel of the Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association of the United States, and the FEMA number names that conclusion. FEMA publishes its own entry for this substance in the FEMA Flavor Library, which is the authoritative record of what the Panel decided and is worth reading alongside this page.
Ambrose Compliance is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by FEMA. FEMA and FEMA GRAS are used here as identifiers for a published regulatory determination, not as marks of any relationship between FEMA and Ambrose.
About this page. Facts come from the FDA Substances Added to Food inventory, the Code of Federal Regulations, the EPA TSCA Inventory, the EU Union List, JECFA and the Ambrose database, with FEMA's published determination cited where it applies; parts of the text are written by Ambrose AI, which can make mistakes. Check the cited source before relying on anything here. This is not regulatory or legal advice.