Flavor ingredient regulatory record
2-Oxo-3-phenylpropionic acid sodium salt
2-Oxo-3-phenylpropionic acid sodium salt is an acid in the fruity family, FEMA GRAS under FEMA number 3892 (CAS 114-76-1). Its odor is sweet, fruity, berry, floral, tart.
- FEMA
- 3892
- CAS
- 114-76-1
- JECFA
- 1478
- Formula
- C9H8NaO3
GRAS status: FEMA GRAS, publication 18. Recorded by FDA in the Substances Added to Food inventory under CAS 156-06-9.
Structure
Identity
Also known as: Benzenepropanoic acid, α-oxo-, sodium salt (1:1), Pyruvic acid, phenyl-, sodium salt, Benzenepropanoic acid, α-oxo-, sodium salt, Sodium phenylpyruvate, Phenylpyruvic acid sodium salt, Phenylpyroracemic acid sodium salt, β-Phenylpyruvic acid sodium salt, Sodium β-phenylpyruvate, Sodium 3-phenyl-2-oxopropionate, Sodium 2-oxo-3-phenylpropanoate, phenylpyruvic acid, sodium salt, benzenepropanoic acid, alpha-oxo-, sodium salt.
Can 2-Oxo-3-phenylpropionic acid sodium salt be labeled natural?
Nature occurrence: Not yet found in nature (provisional).
Nature occurrence has not been settled for this substance, so the natural or artificial class is not stated here. The FEMA GRAS status does not depend on it.
Regulatory status, with citations
United States
2-Oxo-3-phenylpropionic acid sodium salt is FEMA GRAS under FEMA number 3892. It is cited in the Code of Federal Regulations at 21 CFR 172.515.
European Union and United Kingdom
No EU FL number is on file for 2-Oxo-3-phenylpropionic acid sodium salt. That is not a finding either way. The Union List covers defined flavouring substances, so natural complex materials are handled as flavouring preparations under Parts B to F and never receive a number, and substances used as additives sit under Regulation 1333/2008 instead. Confirm the position before EU or UK use.
JECFA (WHO / FAO)
JECFA number 1478, evaluated at the 65th meeting in 2005. no safety concern at current levels of intake.
Other US flags
Not on the California Proposition 65 list.
Odor and taste
Odor: Sweet, fruity, berry, floral, tart.
Where it is used
2-Oxo-3-phenylpropionic acid sodium salt is used in beverage, confection, fruit flavors, sauces and dressings, typically as a fruity note.
More acids in this index
3-Octenoic acid · 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid · 3-Methylpentanoic acid · 5-Oxododecanoic acid · 2-Methyl-4-pentenoic acid · (E,Z)-4-Methylpent-2-enoic acid
2-Oxo-3-phenylpropionic acid sodium salt FAQ
Does 2-Oxo-3-phenylpropionic acid sodium salt have FEMA GRAS status?
2-Oxo-3-phenylpropionic acid sodium salt holds FEMA GRAS status under FEMA number 3892. It is also codified at 21 CFR 172.515.
How do I cite 2-Oxo-3-phenylpropionic acid sodium salt by FEMA or CAS number?
Cite 2-Oxo-3-phenylpropionic acid sodium salt as FEMA 3892 or CAS 114-76-1; both point to the same entry. FEMA files it in the fruity flavor category.
Is 2-Oxo-3-phenylpropionic acid sodium salt approved in the EU?
No EU FL number is on file for 2-Oxo-3-phenylpropionic acid sodium salt. It has a JECFA evaluation (JECFA 1478), which the EU list draws on, but the Union List entry itself should be confirmed before EU use.
Has JECFA evaluated 2-Oxo-3-phenylpropionic acid sodium salt?
Yes. JECFA number 1478, evaluated at the 65th meeting in 2005. Conclusion: no safety concern at current levels of intake.
What does 2-Oxo-3-phenylpropionic acid sodium salt smell and taste like, and where is it used?
The odor of 2-Oxo-3-phenylpropionic acid sodium salt is sweet, fruity, berry, floral, tart. Typical uses are beverage, confection, fruit flavors, sauces and dressings.
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Sources and attribution. The identity and regulatory facts on this page are taken from the FDA Substances Added to Food inventory, a US government record, which lists this substance as 2-OXO-3-PHENYLPROPIONIC ACID under CAS 156-06-9 and carries its FEMA number, its JECFA flavor number. The inventory is searchable at FDA. FDA records its technical effect as flavoring agent or adjuvant.
A FEMA GRAS conclusion is reached by the Expert Panel of the Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association of the United States, and the FEMA number names that conclusion. FEMA publishes its own entry for this substance in the FEMA Flavor Library, which is the authoritative record of what the Panel decided and is worth reading alongside this page.
Ambrose Compliance is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by FEMA. FEMA and FEMA GRAS are used here as identifiers for a published regulatory determination, not as marks of any relationship between FEMA and Ambrose.
About this page. Facts come from the FDA Substances Added to Food inventory, the Code of Federal Regulations, the EPA TSCA Inventory, the EU Union List, JECFA and the Ambrose database, with FEMA's published determination cited where it applies; parts of the text are written by Ambrose AI, which can make mistakes. Check the cited source before relying on anything here. This is not regulatory or legal advice.