Flavor ingredient regulatory record
delta-Decalactone
delta-Decalactone is a lactone in the fruity family, FEMA GRAS under FEMA number 2361 (CAS 705-86-2). Its odor is sweet, creamy, coconut, peach, buttery.
- FEMA
- 2361
- CAS
- 705-86-2
- JECFA
- 232
- EU FL
- 10.007
- Formula
- C10H18O2
- EC
- 211-889-1
GRAS status: FEMA GRAS, publication 3. Recorded by FDA in the Substances Added to Food inventory under CAS 705-86-2.
Structure
Identity
Also known as: 2H-Pyran-2-one, tetrahydro-6-pentyl-, Decanoic acid, 5-hydroxy-, δ-lactone, Capric acid, δ-hydroxy-, lactone, Tetrahydro-6-pentyl-2H-pyran-2-one, δ-Decalactone, 5-Decanolide, 5-Hydroxydecanoic acid δ-lactone, δ-Amylvalerolactone, 5-Pentyl-5-pentanolide, δ-Pentyl-δ-valerolactone, 6-Pentyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one, Dihydrojasmin lactone.
Can delta-Decalactone be labeled natural?
Nature makes delta-Decalactone, which is why the US label turns on process. A natural route gives natural flavor; synthesis gives artificial delta-Decalactone, same molecule. The EU and UK follow the same logic without a middle class; Mercosur and Mexico label synthetic delta-Decalactone identical-to-natural.
- United States
- Natural or artificial, by process
- European Union and UK
- Natural only from natural material
- Mercosur and Mexico
- Natural or identical-to-natural
How each market defines the classes: natural vs artificial flavor under 21 CFR 101.22.
Regulatory status, with citations
United States
delta-Decalactone is FEMA GRAS under FEMA number 2361. It is cited in the Code of Federal Regulations at 21 CFR 172.515.
European Union and United Kingdom
Listed on the Union List of flavouring substances as FL 10.007, Annex I Part A under Regulation (EC) 1334/2008, evaluation status approved (JECFA). The UK retains the same list.
JECFA (WHO / FAO)
JECFA number 232, evaluated at the 49th meeting in 1997. No safety concern at current levels of intake when used as a flavouring agent.
Other US flags
Not on the California Proposition 65 list.
TSCA Inventory status
A flavor ingredient is also an industrial chemical. delta-Decalactone appears on the EPA Toxic Substances Control Act Chemical Substance Inventory under CAS 705-86-2, where EPA names it 2H-Pyran-2-one, tetrahydro-6-pentyl-.
Active in US commerce
EPA designates this substance active, so no Notice of Activity Form B is required before manufacturing. What active and inactive mean.
EPA publishes no regulatory flags on this listing. What the flags mean.
From the EPA non-confidential TSCA Inventory, July 2026 release. EPA also maintains a confidential portion it does not publish. Search the Inventory by CAS number.
Odor and taste
Odor: Sweet, creamy, coconut, peach, buttery.
Where it is used
delta-Decalactone is used in beverage, confection, dairy, bakery and ice cream, typically as a fruity note.
Structurally similar flavor ingredients
Flavor ingredients with a GRAS determination closest to delta-Decalactone by structure. Whether one can replace it is a sensory and regulatory call; the reformulation tool works that through.
| Material | FEMA | Similarity | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5-Hydroxyundecanoic acid lactone | 3294 | 97% | In nature |
| Hydroxynonanoic acid delta-lactone | 3356 | 95% | In nature |
| delta-Dodecalactone | 2401 | 93% | In nature |
| gamma-Nonalactone | 2781 | 91% | In nature |
| gamma-Decalactone | 2360 | 91% | In nature |
More lactones in this index
4-Acetoxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)furanone · 3,9-Dimethyl-6-(1-methylethyl)-1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-2-one · (+/-)-(2,6,6,-Trimethyl-2-hydroxycyclohexylidene)acetic acid gamma-lactone · 4-Hydroxy-3-methyloctanoic acid gamma-lactone · gamma-Undecalactone · Dehydromenthofurolactone
delta-Decalactone FAQ
Is delta-Decalactone FEMA GRAS?
Yes. The FEMA Expert Panel lists delta-Decalactone as GRAS under FEMA number 2361. The Code of Federal Regulations lists it at 21 CFR 172.515.
What are the FEMA and CAS numbers for delta-Decalactone?
delta-Decalactone is FEMA 2361, CAS 705-86-2. Its flavor category is fruity.
How is delta-Decalactone described, and where does it show up?
Flavorists describe delta-Decalactone as sweet, creamy, coconut, peach, buttery. It is used in beverage, confection, dairy, bakery and ice cream.
What did JECFA conclude about delta-Decalactone?
JECFA evaluated delta-Decalactone at the 49th meeting in 1997 under JECFA number 232. The panel concluded: No safety concern at current levels of intake when used as a flavouring agent.
Is delta-Decalactone on the EU Union List?
Yes. FL 10.007 is the Union List entry for delta-Decalactone, annex I Part A, under Regulation 1334/2008, and the UK keeps the same list.
Does delta-Decalactone count as natural in the US and the EU?
The process decides for delta-Decalactone. It occurs in nature, so a natural-source, natural-process material is natural flavor in the US and synthetic delta-Decalactone is artificial. The EU and UK follow the same logic without a middle class; Mercosur and Mexico label synthetic delta-Decalactone identical-to-natural.
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Sources and attribution. The identity and regulatory facts on this page are taken from the FDA Substances Added to Food inventory, a US government record, which lists this substance as DELTA-DECALACTONE under CAS 705-86-2 and carries its FEMA number, its JECFA flavor number and its 21 CFR citations. The inventory is searchable at FDA. FDA records its technical effect as flavoring agent or adjuvant.
A FEMA GRAS conclusion is reached by the Expert Panel of the Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association of the United States, and the FEMA number names that conclusion. FEMA publishes its own entry for this substance in the FEMA Flavor Library, which is the authoritative record of what the Panel decided and is worth reading alongside this page.
Ambrose Compliance is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by FEMA. FEMA and FEMA GRAS are used here as identifiers for a published regulatory determination, not as marks of any relationship between FEMA and Ambrose.
About this page. Facts come from the FDA Substances Added to Food inventory, the Code of Federal Regulations, the EPA TSCA Inventory, the EU Union List, JECFA and the Ambrose database, with FEMA's published determination cited where it applies; parts of the text are written by Ambrose AI, which can make mistakes. Check the cited source before relying on anything here. This is not regulatory or legal advice.