Flavor ingredient regulatory record
2,3-Hexanedione
2,3-Hexanedione is a ketone in the fruity family, FEMA GRAS under FEMA number 2558 (CAS 3848-24-6). Its odor is sweet, fruity, buttery, caramel, nutty.
- FEMA
- 2558
- CAS
- 3848-24-6
- JECFA
- 412
- EU FL
- 07.018
- Formula
- C6H10O2
- EC
- 223-350-8
GRAS status: FEMA GRAS, publication 3. Recorded by FDA in the Substances Added to Food inventory under CAS 3848-24-6.
Structure
Identity
Also known as: Acetylbutyryl, NSC 31665, hexane-2,3-dione, acetylbutyryl, acetyl butyryl, methyl propyl diketone, hexanedione, butyryl acetyl, 2,3-hexandione, ai3-35989, 2,3-hexanodione, methyl propyl glyoxal.
Can 2,3-Hexanedione be labeled natural?
Since 2,3-Hexanedione is found in nature, US labeling follows how it was obtained: natural flavor from a natural source and a natural process, artificial when 2,3-Hexanedione is synthesized. The EU and UK grant the natural claim only to that natural route; Mercosur and Mexico call synthetic material identical-to-natural.
- United States
- Natural or artificial, by process
- European Union and UK
- Natural only from natural material
- Mercosur and Mexico
- Natural or identical-to-natural
How each market defines the classes: natural vs artificial flavor under 21 CFR 101.22.
Regulatory status, with citations
United States
2,3-Hexanedione is FEMA GRAS under FEMA number 2558. It is cited in the Code of Federal Regulations at 21 CFR 172.515.
European Union and United Kingdom
Listed on the Union List of flavouring substances as FL 07.018, Annex I Part A under Regulation (EC) 1334/2008, evaluation status approved (JECFA). The UK retains the same list.
Purity. At least 93%; secondary components 2-3% hexanediones
JECFA (WHO / FAO)
JECFA number 412, evaluated at the 51st meeting in 1998. No safety concern at current levels of intake when used as a flavouring agent.
Other US flags
Not on the California Proposition 65 list.
TSCA Inventory status
A flavor ingredient is also an industrial chemical. 2,3-Hexanedione appears on the EPA Toxic Substances Control Act Chemical Substance Inventory under CAS 3848-24-6, where EPA names it 2,3-Hexanedione.
Active in US commerce
EPA designates this substance active, so no Notice of Activity Form B is required before manufacturing. What active and inactive mean.
EPA publishes no regulatory flags on this listing. What the flags mean.
From the EPA non-confidential TSCA Inventory, July 2026 release. EPA also maintains a confidential portion it does not publish. Search the Inventory by CAS number.
Odor and taste
Odor: Sweet, fruity, buttery, caramel, nutty.
Taste: Sweet, buttery, slightly nutty.
Where it is used
2,3-Hexanedione is used in beverage, confection, bakery, dairy and snack foods, typically as a fruity note.
Structurally similar flavor ingredients
Flavor ingredients with a GRAS determination closest to 2,3-Hexanedione by structure. Whether one can replace it is a sensory and regulatory call; the reformulation tool works that through.
| Material | FEMA | Similarity | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3-Hexanone | 3290 | 93% | In nature |
| Ethyl pyruvate | 2457 | 92% | In nature |
| 4-Hexen-3-one | 3352 | 92% | In nature |
| Propyl acetate | 2925 | 91% | In nature |
| 3,4-Hexanedione | 3168 | 80% | In nature |
More ketones in this index
1-(2-Hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-3-(pyridin-2-yl)propan-1-one · Damascenone · cis-1-(2,6,6-Trimethyl-2-cyclohexenyl)-2-butenone · 3-Oxobutanal dimethyl acetal · 2-Octen-4-one · Hydroxyacetone
2,3-Hexanedione FAQ
Is 2,3-Hexanedione on the FEMA GRAS list?
It is. FEMA number 2558 covers 2,3-Hexanedione. It is also codified at 21 CFR 172.515.
What is the FEMA number for 2,3-Hexanedione?
The FEMA number for 2,3-Hexanedione is 2558 and its CAS registry number is 3848-24-6. FEMA files it in the fruity flavor category.
Is 2,3-Hexanedione natural or artificial?
2,3-Hexanedione occurs in nature, so the label depends on the route: 2,3-Hexanedione won from a natural source by a physical, enzymatic or microbiological process is natural flavor in the United States, and synthesized 2,3-Hexanedione is artificial. In the EU and UK the natural claim likewise needs the natural route, while Mercosur and Mexico keep a third class, identical-to-natural, for the synthetic material.
Is 2,3-Hexanedione approved in the EU?
2,3-Hexanedione is on the EU Union List of flavouring substances as FL 07.018 (Annex I Part A) under Regulation 1334/2008.
Has JECFA evaluated 2,3-Hexanedione?
Yes. JECFA number 412, evaluated at the 51st meeting in 1998. Conclusion: No safety concern at current levels of intake when used as a flavouring agent.
What is 2,3-Hexanedione used for?
2,3-Hexanedione is described as sweet, fruity, buttery, caramel, nutty. On the palate it is sweet, buttery, slightly nutty. It shows up in beverage, confection, bakery, dairy and snack foods.
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Guides: What Is FEMA GRAS? · Natural vs artificial · Filing a GRAS notification
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Sources and attribution. The identity and regulatory facts on this page are taken from the FDA Substances Added to Food inventory, a US government record, which lists this substance as 2,3-HEXANEDIONE under CAS 3848-24-6 and carries its FEMA number, its JECFA flavor number and its 21 CFR citations. The inventory is searchable at FDA. FDA records its technical effect as flavoring agent or adjuvant.
A FEMA GRAS conclusion is reached by the Expert Panel of the Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association of the United States, and the FEMA number names that conclusion. FEMA publishes its own entry for this substance in the FEMA Flavor Library, which is the authoritative record of what the Panel decided and is worth reading alongside this page.
Ambrose Compliance is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by FEMA. FEMA and FEMA GRAS are used here as identifiers for a published regulatory determination, not as marks of any relationship between FEMA and Ambrose.
About this page. Facts come from the FDA Substances Added to Food inventory, the Code of Federal Regulations, the EPA TSCA Inventory, the EU Union List, JECFA and the Ambrose database, with FEMA's published determination cited where it applies; parts of the text are written by Ambrose AI, which can make mistakes. Check the cited source before relying on anything here. This is not regulatory or legal advice.