Flavor ingredient regulatory record
4-Phenyl-2-butanol
4-Phenyl-2-butanol is an alcohol in the fruity family, FEMA GRAS under FEMA number 2879 (CAS 2344-70-9). Its odor is sweet, fruity, floral, creamy, slightly spicy.
- FEMA
- 2879
- CAS
- 2344-70-9
- JECFA
- 815
- EU FL
- 02.036
- Formula
- C10H14O
- EC
- 219-055-9
GRAS status: FEMA GRAS, publication 3. Recorded by FDA in the Substances Added to Food inventory under CAS 2344-70-9.
Structure
Identity
Also known as: Benzenepropanol, α-methyl-, 2-Butanol, 4-phenyl-, α-Methylbenzenepropanol, 1-Phenyl-3-butanol, 1-Methyl-3-phenyl-1-propanol, 2-Hydroxy-4-phenylbutane, (±)-4-Phenylbutan-2-ol, NSC 69076, (±)-3-Phenyl-1-methylpropanol, (3-Hydroxybutyl)benzene, 4-phenylbutan-2-ol, benzenepropanol, alpha-methyl-.
Can 4-Phenyl-2-butanol be labeled natural?
The process decides for 4-Phenyl-2-butanol. It occurs in nature, so a natural-source, natural-process material is natural flavor in the US and synthetic 4-Phenyl-2-butanol is artificial. The EU and UK follow the same logic without a middle class; Mercosur and Mexico label synthetic 4-Phenyl-2-butanol identical-to-natural.
- United States
- Natural or artificial, by process
- European Union and UK
- Natural only from natural material
- Mercosur and Mexico
- Natural or identical-to-natural
How each market defines the classes: natural vs artificial flavor under 21 CFR 101.22.
Regulatory status, with citations
United States
4-Phenyl-2-butanol is FEMA GRAS under FEMA number 2879. It is cited in the Code of Federal Regulations at 21 CFR 172.515.
European Union and United Kingdom
Listed on the Union List of flavouring substances as FL 02.036, Annex I Part A under Regulation (EC) 1334/2008, evaluation status approved (EFSA). The UK retains the same list.
JECFA (WHO / FAO)
JECFA number 815, evaluated at the 57th meeting in 2001. No safety concern at current levels of intake when used as a flavouring agent.
Other US flags
Not on the California Proposition 65 list.
Odor and taste
Odor: Sweet, fruity, floral, creamy, slightly spicy.
Where it is used
4-Phenyl-2-butanol is used in beverage, confection, flavoring, bakery and dairy, typically as a fruity note.
Structurally similar flavor ingredients
Flavor ingredients with a GRAS determination closest to 4-Phenyl-2-butanol by structure. Whether one can replace it is a sensory and regulatory call; the reformulation tool works that through.
| Material | FEMA | Similarity | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3-Phenyl-1-propanol | 2885 | 89% | In nature |
| alpha-Propylphenethyl alcohol | 2953 | 79% | In nature |
| L-Phenylalanine | 3585 | 77% | In nature |
| (E)-4-Nonenal | 4302 | 73% | In nature |
| 2-Methyl-4-phenyl-2-butanol | 3629 | 72% | In nature |
More alcohols in this index
1-Phenyl-3-methyl-3-pentanol · 1-Phenyl-1-propanol · 2-Ethyl-1-hexanol · Heptan-2-ol · 3-Methyl-1-pentanol · alpha-Methylbenzyl alcohol
4-Phenyl-2-butanol FAQ
Is 4-Phenyl-2-butanol on the FEMA GRAS list?
It is. FEMA number 2879 covers 4-Phenyl-2-butanol. The Code of Federal Regulations lists it at 21 CFR 172.515.
What is the FEMA number for 4-Phenyl-2-butanol?
The FEMA number for 4-Phenyl-2-butanol is 2879 and its CAS registry number is 2344-70-9. Its flavor category is fruity.
What is 4-Phenyl-2-butanol used for?
4-Phenyl-2-butanol is described as sweet, fruity, floral, creamy, slightly spicy. It shows up in beverage, confection, flavoring, bakery and dairy.
What did JECFA conclude about 4-Phenyl-2-butanol?
JECFA evaluated 4-Phenyl-2-butanol at the 57th meeting in 2001 under JECFA number 815. The panel concluded: No safety concern at current levels of intake when used as a flavouring agent.
Is 4-Phenyl-2-butanol approved in the EU?
Yes. FL 02.036 is the Union List entry for 4-Phenyl-2-butanol, annex I Part A, under Regulation 1334/2008, and the UK keeps the same list.
Is 4-Phenyl-2-butanol natural or artificial?
Nature makes 4-Phenyl-2-butanol, which is why the US label turns on process. A natural route gives natural flavor; synthesis gives artificial 4-Phenyl-2-butanol, same molecule. The EU and UK grant the natural claim only to that natural route; Mercosur and Mexico call synthetic material identical-to-natural.
Ingredient lookup
Check an ingredient
Start typing to search the ingredient corpus.
Or browse every ingredient page, A to Z.
Guides: What Is FEMA GRAS? · Natural vs artificial · Filing a GRAS notification
Check 4-Phenyl-2-butanol in a formula
Screened against FEMA GRAS, 21 CFR and EU rules as you build. Free to start.
Sources and attribution. The identity and regulatory facts on this page are taken from the FDA Substances Added to Food inventory, a US government record, which lists this substance as 4-PHENYL-2-BUTANOL under CAS 2344-70-9 and carries its FEMA number, its JECFA flavor number and its 21 CFR citations. The inventory is searchable at FDA. FDA records its technical effect as flavoring agent or adjuvant.
A FEMA GRAS conclusion is reached by the Expert Panel of the Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association of the United States, and the FEMA number names that conclusion. FEMA publishes its own entry for this substance in the FEMA Flavor Library, which is the authoritative record of what the Panel decided and is worth reading alongside this page.
Ambrose Compliance is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by FEMA. FEMA and FEMA GRAS are used here as identifiers for a published regulatory determination, not as marks of any relationship between FEMA and Ambrose.
About this page. Facts come from the FDA Substances Added to Food inventory, the Code of Federal Regulations, the EPA TSCA Inventory, the EU Union List, JECFA and the Ambrose database, with FEMA's published determination cited where it applies; parts of the text are written by Ambrose AI, which can make mistakes. Check the cited source before relying on anything here. This is not regulatory or legal advice.