Flavor ingredient regulatory record
Cuminaldehyde
Cuminaldehyde is an aldehyde in the spice family, FEMA GRAS under FEMA number 2341 (CAS 122-03-2). Its odor is warm, spicy, herbal, earthy.
- FEMA
- 2341
- CAS
- 122-03-2
- JECFA
- 868
- EU FL
- 05.022
- Formula
- C10H12O
- EC
- 204-516-9
GRAS status: FEMA GRAS, publication 3. Recorded by FDA in the Substances Added to Food inventory under CAS 122-03-2.
Structure
Identity
Also known as: Benzaldehyde, 4-(1-methylethyl)-, Benzaldehyde, p-isopropyl-, 4-(1-Methylethyl)benzaldehyde, Cumaldehyde, Cumic aldehyde, Cuminal, Cuminic aldehyde, p-Isopropylbenzaldehyde, 4-Isopropylbenzaldehyde, Cuminyl aldehyde, p-Cumic aldehyde, p-Isopropylbenzenecarboxaldehyde.
Can Cuminaldehyde be labeled natural?
Nature makes cuminaldehyde, which is why the US label turns on process. A natural route gives natural flavor; synthesis gives artificial cuminaldehyde, same molecule. The EU and UK grant the natural claim only to that natural route; Mercosur and Mexico call synthetic material identical-to-natural.
- United States
- Natural or artificial, by process
- European Union and UK
- Natural only from natural material
- Mercosur and Mexico
- Natural or identical-to-natural
How each market defines the classes: natural vs artificial flavor under 21 CFR 101.22.
Regulatory status, with citations
United States
Cuminaldehyde is FEMA GRAS under FEMA number 2341. It is cited in the Code of Federal Regulations at 21 CFR 172.515.
European Union and United Kingdom
Listed on the Union List of flavouring substances as FL 05.022, Annex I Part A under Regulation (EC) 1334/2008, evaluation status approved (EFSA). The UK retains the same list.
JECFA (WHO / FAO)
JECFA number 868, evaluated at the 57th meeting in 2001. No safety concern at current levels of intake when used as a flavouring agent.
Other US flags
Not on the California Proposition 65 list.
TSCA Inventory status
A flavor ingredient is also an industrial chemical. Cuminaldehyde appears on the EPA Toxic Substances Control Act Chemical Substance Inventory under CAS 122-03-2, where EPA names it Benzaldehyde, 4-(1-methylethyl)-.
Active in US commerce
EPA designates this substance active, so no Notice of Activity Form B is required before manufacturing. What active and inactive mean.
EPA publishes no regulatory flags on this listing. What the flags mean.
From the EPA non-confidential TSCA Inventory, July 2026 release. EPA also maintains a confidential portion it does not publish. Search the Inventory by CAS number.
Odor and taste
Odor: Warm, spicy, herbal, earthy.
Taste: Savory, spicy, warm.
Where it is used
Cuminaldehyde is used in savory dishes, seasonings, condiments and beverages, typically as a spice note.
Structurally similar flavor ingredients
Flavor ingredients with a GRAS determination closest to Cuminaldehyde by structure. Whether one can replace it is a sensory and regulatory call; the reformulation tool works that through.
| Material | FEMA | Similarity | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4-Ethylbenzaldehyde | 3756 | 93% | In nature |
| 1,3-p-Menthadien-7-al | 4506 | 86% | In nature |
| p-Methoxybenzaldehyde | 2670 | 83% | In nature |
| 2-(p-Tolyl)propionaldehyde | 3078 | 76% | In nature |
| p-Propylphenol | 3649 | 72% | In nature |
More aldehydes in this index
p-Methylcinnamaldehyde · Cinnamaldehyde propyleneglycol acetal · Cinnamaldehyde · alpha-Butylcinnamaldehyde · Isovaleraldehyde glyceryl acetal · cis-4-Hexenal
Cuminaldehyde FAQ
Does cuminaldehyde have FEMA GRAS status?
Cuminaldehyde holds FEMA GRAS status under FEMA number 2341. The Code of Federal Regulations lists it at 21 CFR 172.515.
How do I cite cuminaldehyde by FEMA or CAS number?
Cite cuminaldehyde as FEMA 2341 or CAS 122-03-2; both point to the same entry. Its flavor category is spice.
What does cuminaldehyde smell and taste like, and where is it used?
The odor of cuminaldehyde is warm, spicy, herbal, earthy. On the palate it is savory, spicy, warm. Typical uses are savory dishes, seasonings, condiments and beverages.
What did JECFA conclude about cuminaldehyde?
JECFA evaluated cuminaldehyde at the 57th meeting in 2001 under JECFA number 868. The panel concluded: No safety concern at current levels of intake when used as a flavouring agent.
Can cuminaldehyde be used in the EU and UK?
Yes. FL 05.022 is the Union List entry for cuminaldehyde, annex I Part A, under Regulation 1334/2008, and the UK keeps the same list.
Can cuminaldehyde be labeled a natural flavor?
The process decides for cuminaldehyde. It occurs in nature, so a natural-source, natural-process material is natural flavor in the US and synthetic cuminaldehyde is artificial. The EU and UK grant the natural claim only to that natural route; Mercosur and Mexico call synthetic material identical-to-natural.
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Sources and attribution. The identity and regulatory facts on this page are taken from the FDA Substances Added to Food inventory, a US government record, which lists this substance as CUMINALDEHYDE under CAS 122-03-2 and carries its FEMA number, its JECFA flavor number and its 21 CFR citations. The inventory is searchable at FDA. FDA records its technical effect as flavoring agent or adjuvant.
A FEMA GRAS conclusion is reached by the Expert Panel of the Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association of the United States, and the FEMA number names that conclusion. FEMA publishes its own entry for this substance in the FEMA Flavor Library, which is the authoritative record of what the Panel decided and is worth reading alongside this page.
Ambrose Compliance is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by FEMA. FEMA and FEMA GRAS are used here as identifiers for a published regulatory determination, not as marks of any relationship between FEMA and Ambrose.
About this page. Facts come from the FDA Substances Added to Food inventory, the Code of Federal Regulations, the EPA TSCA Inventory, the EU Union List, JECFA and the Ambrose database, with FEMA's published determination cited where it applies; parts of the text are written by Ambrose AI, which can make mistakes. Check the cited source before relying on anything here. This is not regulatory or legal advice.