Flavor ingredient regulatory record
L-Arginine
L-Arginine is an amino acid in the nutty family, FEMA GRAS under FEMA number 3819 (CAS 74-79-3). Its odor is nutty, savory, slightly sweet, earthy.
- FEMA
- 3819
- CAS
- 74-79-3
- JECFA
- 1438
- EU FL
- 17.003
- Formula
- C6H14N4O2
- EC
- 200-811-1
GRAS status: FEMA GRAS, publication 18. Recorded by FDA in the Substances Added to Food inventory under CAS 74-79-3.
Structure
Identity
Also known as: Arginine, L-, Arginine, Pentanoic acid, 2-amino-5-[(aminoiminomethyl)amino]-, (S)-, L-(+)-Arginine, (S)-2-Amino-5-[(aminoiminomethyl)amino]pentanoic acid, L-Norvaline, 5-[(aminoiminomethyl)amino]-, L-Ornithine, N5-(aminoiminomethyl)-, L-α-Amino-δ-guanidinovaleric acid, L-Arg, NSC 206269, L-arginine C Grade, A 0526.
Can L-Arginine be labeled natural?
The process decides for L-Arginine. It occurs in nature, so a natural-source, natural-process material is natural flavor in the US and synthetic L-Arginine is artificial. The EU and UK grant the natural claim only to that natural route; Mercosur and Mexico call synthetic material identical-to-natural.
- United States
- Natural or artificial, by process
- European Union and UK
- Natural only from natural material
- Mercosur and Mexico
- Natural or identical-to-natural
How each market defines the classes: natural vs artificial flavor under 21 CFR 101.22.
Regulatory status, with citations
United States
L-Arginine is FEMA GRAS under FEMA number 3819. It is cited in the Code of Federal Regulations at 21 CFR 172.320.
European Union and United Kingdom
Listed on the Union List of flavouring substances as FL 17.003, Annex I Part A under Regulation (EC) 1334/2008, evaluation status approved (EFSA). The UK retains the same list.
JECFA (WHO / FAO)
JECFA number 1438, evaluated at the 63rd meeting in 2004. No safety concern at current levels of intake when used as a flavouring agent.
Other US flags
Not on the California Proposition 65 list.
TSCA Inventory status
A flavor ingredient is also an industrial chemical. L-Arginine appears on the EPA Toxic Substances Control Act Chemical Substance Inventory under CAS 74-79-3, where EPA names it L-Arginine.
Active in US commerce
EPA designates this substance active, so no Notice of Activity Form B is required before manufacturing. What active and inactive mean.
EPA publishes no regulatory flags on this listing. What the flags mean.
From the EPA non-confidential TSCA Inventory, July 2026 release. EPA also maintains a confidential portion it does not publish. Search the Inventory by CAS number.
Odor and taste
Odor: Nutty, savory, slightly sweet, earthy.
Where it is used
L-Arginine is used in nutritional supplements, beverage, savory dishes and snack foods, typically as a nutty note.
Structurally similar flavor ingredients
Flavor ingredients with a GRAS determination closest to L-Arginine by structure. Whether one can replace it is a sensory and regulatory call; the reformulation tool works that through.
| Material | FEMA | Similarity | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| L-Alanyl-L-Glutamine | 4712 | 65% | Not determined |
| L-Glutamine | 3684 | 65% | In nature |
| L-Methionylglycine | 4692 | 43% | Not determined |
| dl-Isoleucine | 3295 | 43% | In nature |
| DL-Phenylalanine | 3726 | 43% | In nature |
More amino acids in this index
dl-Isoleucine · l-Valine · L-Alanyl-L-Glutamine · Alanine · L-Alanine · Leucine
L-Arginine FAQ
Is L-Arginine FEMA GRAS?
Yes. The FEMA Expert Panel lists L-Arginine as GRAS under FEMA number 3819. The Code of Federal Regulations lists it at 21 CFR 172.320.
What are the FEMA and CAS numbers for L-Arginine?
L-Arginine is FEMA 3819, CAS 74-79-3. Its flavor category is nutty.
How is L-Arginine described, and where does it show up?
Flavorists describe L-Arginine as nutty, savory, slightly sweet, earthy. It is used in nutritional supplements, beverage, savory dishes and snack foods.
What did JECFA conclude about L-Arginine?
JECFA evaluated L-Arginine at the 63rd meeting in 2004 under JECFA number 1438. The panel concluded: No safety concern at current levels of intake when used as a flavouring agent.
Is L-Arginine on the EU Union List?
Yes. FL 17.003 is the Union List entry for L-Arginine, annex I Part A, under Regulation 1334/2008, and the UK keeps the same list.
Does L-Arginine count as natural in the US and the EU?
Nature makes L-Arginine, which is why the US label turns on process. A natural route gives natural flavor; synthesis gives artificial L-Arginine, same molecule. In the EU and UK the natural claim likewise needs the natural route, while Mercosur and Mexico keep a third class, identical-to-natural, for the synthetic material.
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Sources and attribution. The identity and regulatory facts on this page are taken from the FDA Substances Added to Food inventory, a US government record, which lists this substance as L-ARGININE under CAS 74-79-3 and carries its FEMA number, its JECFA flavor number and its 21 CFR citations. The inventory is searchable at FDA. FDA records its technical effect as nutrient supplement.
A FEMA GRAS conclusion is reached by the Expert Panel of the Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association of the United States, and the FEMA number names that conclusion. FEMA publishes its own entry for this substance in the FEMA Flavor Library, which is the authoritative record of what the Panel decided and is worth reading alongside this page.
Ambrose Compliance is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by FEMA. FEMA and FEMA GRAS are used here as identifiers for a published regulatory determination, not as marks of any relationship between FEMA and Ambrose.
About this page. Facts come from the FDA Substances Added to Food inventory, the Code of Federal Regulations, the EPA TSCA Inventory, the EU Union List, JECFA and the Ambrose database, with FEMA's published determination cited where it applies; parts of the text are written by Ambrose AI, which can make mistakes. Check the cited source before relying on anything here. This is not regulatory or legal advice.