Flavor ingredient regulatory record
p-Mentha-1,3-diene
p-Mentha-1,3-diene is a terpene in the citrus family, FEMA GRAS under FEMA number 3558 (CAS 99-86-5). Its odor is citrus, herbal, lemon.
- FEMA
- 3558
- CAS
- 99-86-5
- JECFA
- 1339
- EU FL
- 01.019
- Formula
- C10H16
- EC
- 202-795-1
GRAS status: FEMA GRAS, publication 11. Recorded by FDA in the Substances Added to Food inventory under CAS 99-86-5.
Structure
Identity
Also known as: 1,3-Cyclohexadiene, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-, 1-Methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-1,3-cyclohexadiene, Terpilene, α-Terpinene, α-Terpinen, 4-Isopropyl-1-methyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene, 1-Methyl-4-isopropyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene, 1-Isopropyl-4-methyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene, alpha-Terpinene, 1-Methyl-4-propan-2-ylcyclohexa-1,3-diene, alpha-terpinene, terpilene.
Can p-Mentha-1,3-diene be labeled natural?
Since p-Mentha-1,3-diene is found in nature, US labeling follows how it was obtained: natural flavor from a natural source and a natural process, artificial when p-Mentha-1,3-diene is synthesized. In the EU and UK the natural claim likewise needs the natural route, while Mercosur and Mexico keep a third class, identical-to-natural, for the synthetic material.
- United States
- Natural or artificial, by process
- European Union and UK
- Natural only from natural material
- Mercosur and Mexico
- Natural or identical-to-natural
How each market defines the classes: natural vs artificial flavor under 21 CFR 101.22.
Regulatory status, with citations
United States
p-Mentha-1,3-diene is FEMA GRAS under FEMA number 3558. It is cited in the Code of Federal Regulations at 21 CFR 172.515.
European Union and United Kingdom
Listed on the Union List of flavouring substances as FL 01.019, Annex I Part A under Regulation (EC) 1334/2008, evaluation status approved (EFSA). The UK retains the same list.
Purity. At least 89%; secondary components 6-7% 1,4- and 1,8-cineole
JECFA (WHO / FAO)
JECFA number 1339, evaluated at the 63rd meeting in 2004. No safety concern at current levels of intake when used as a flavouring agent.
Other US flags
Not on the California Proposition 65 list.
TSCA Inventory status
A flavor ingredient is also an industrial chemical. p-Mentha-1,3-diene appears on the EPA Toxic Substances Control Act Chemical Substance Inventory under CAS 99-86-5, where EPA names it 1,3-Cyclohexadiene, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-.
Active in US commerce
EPA designates this substance active, so no Notice of Activity Form B is required before manufacturing. What active and inactive mean.
EPA publishes no regulatory flags on this listing. What the flags mean.
From the EPA non-confidential TSCA Inventory, July 2026 release. EPA also maintains a confidential portion it does not publish. Search the Inventory by CAS number.
Odor and taste
Odor: Citrus, herbal, lemon.
Taste: Citrus, herbal.
Where it is used
p-Mentha-1,3-diene is used in citrus and herbal, typically as a citrus note.
Structurally similar flavor ingredients
Flavor ingredients with a GRAS determination closest to p-Mentha-1,3-diene by structure. Whether one can replace it is a sensory and regulatory call; the reformulation tool works that through.
| Material | FEMA | Similarity | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| p-Mentha-1,4-diene | 3559 | 100% | In nature |
| alpha-Phellandrene | 2856 | 99% | In nature |
| Terpinolene | 3046 | 96% | In nature |
| 3,7-Dimethyl-1,3,6-octatriene | 3539 | 73% | In nature |
| p,alpha-Dimethylstyrene | 3144 | 73% | In nature |
More terpenes in this index
d-Limonen-10-ol · Nootkatone · Valencene · d-Limonene · alpha-Phellandrene · Caryophyllene alcohol
p-Mentha-1,3-diene FAQ
Is p-Mentha-1,3-diene FEMA GRAS?
Yes. The FEMA Expert Panel lists p-Mentha-1,3-diene as GRAS under FEMA number 3558. It is also codified at 21 CFR 172.515.
What are the FEMA and CAS numbers for p-Mentha-1,3-diene?
p-Mentha-1,3-diene is FEMA 3558, CAS 99-86-5. FEMA files it in the citrus flavor category.
Does p-Mentha-1,3-diene count as natural in the US and the EU?
p-Mentha-1,3-diene occurs in nature, so the label depends on the route: p-Mentha-1,3-diene won from a natural source by a physical, enzymatic or microbiological process is natural flavor in the United States, and synthesized p-Mentha-1,3-diene is artificial. The EU and UK follow the same logic without a middle class; Mercosur and Mexico label synthetic p-Mentha-1,3-diene identical-to-natural.
Is p-Mentha-1,3-diene on the EU Union List?
p-Mentha-1,3-diene is on the EU Union List of flavouring substances as FL 01.019 (Annex I Part A) under Regulation 1334/2008.
Has JECFA evaluated p-Mentha-1,3-diene?
Yes. JECFA number 1339, evaluated at the 63rd meeting in 2004. Conclusion: No safety concern at current levels of intake when used as a flavouring agent.
How is p-Mentha-1,3-diene described, and where does it show up?
Flavorists describe p-Mentha-1,3-diene as citrus, herbal, lemon. On the palate it is citrus, herbal. It is used in citrus and herbal.
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Sources and attribution. The identity and regulatory facts on this page are taken from the FDA Substances Added to Food inventory, a US government record, which lists this substance as ALPHA-TERPINENE under CAS 99-86-5 and carries its FEMA number, its JECFA flavor number and its 21 CFR citations. The inventory is searchable at FDA. FDA records its technical effect as flavoring agent or adjuvant.
A FEMA GRAS conclusion is reached by the Expert Panel of the Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association of the United States, and the FEMA number names that conclusion. FEMA publishes its own entry for this substance in the FEMA Flavor Library, which is the authoritative record of what the Panel decided and is worth reading alongside this page.
Ambrose Compliance is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by FEMA. FEMA and FEMA GRAS are used here as identifiers for a published regulatory determination, not as marks of any relationship between FEMA and Ambrose.
About this page. Facts come from the FDA Substances Added to Food inventory, the Code of Federal Regulations, the EPA TSCA Inventory, the EU Union List, JECFA and the Ambrose database, with FEMA's published determination cited where it applies; parts of the text are written by Ambrose AI, which can make mistakes. Check the cited source before relying on anything here. This is not regulatory or legal advice.