Flavor ingredient regulatory record
3-Isopropenylpentanedioic acid
3-Isopropenylpentanedioic acid is an acid in the fruity family, FEMA GRAS under FEMA number 4352 (CAS 6839-75-4). Its odor is fruity, tart, citrus, green, fresh.
- FEMA
- 4352
- CAS
- 6839-75-4
- JECFA
- 1620
- Formula
- C8H12O4
GRAS status: FEMA GRAS, publication 23. Recorded by FDA in the Substances Added to Food inventory under CAS 6839-75-4.
Structure
Identity
Also known as: Pentanedioic acid, 3-(1-methylethenyl)-, Glutaric acid, 3-isopropenyl-, 3-(1-Methylethenyl)pentanedioic acid, 3-Prop-1-en-2-ylpentanedioic acid, 3-Isopropenyl-glutaric acid, glutaric acid, 3-isopropenyl-, 3-isopropenylpentanedioic acid [fhfi], pentanedioic acid, 3-(1-methylethenyl)-, 3-isopropenylglutaric acid, 3-(prop-1-en-2-yl)pentanedioic acid, 3-isopropenyl pentane dioic acid, 3-prop-1-en-2-ylpentanedioic acid.
Can 3-Isopropenylpentanedioic acid be labeled natural?
3-Isopropenylpentanedioic acid occurs in nature, so the label depends on the route: 3-Isopropenylpentanedioic acid won from a natural source by a physical, enzymatic or microbiological process is natural flavor in the United States, and synthesized 3-Isopropenylpentanedioic acid is artificial. The EU and UK follow the same logic without a middle class; Mercosur and Mexico label synthetic 3-Isopropenylpentanedioic acid identical-to-natural.
- United States
- Natural or artificial, by process
- European Union and UK
- Natural only from natural material
- Mercosur and Mexico
- Natural or identical-to-natural
How each market defines the classes: natural vs artificial flavor under 21 CFR 101.22.
Regulatory status, with citations
United States
3-Isopropenylpentanedioic acid is FEMA GRAS under FEMA number 4352. It is cited in the Code of Federal Regulations at 21 CFR 172.515.
European Union and United Kingdom
No EU FL number is on file for 3-Isopropenylpentanedioic acid. That is not a finding either way. The Union List covers defined flavouring substances, so natural complex materials are handled as flavouring preparations under Parts B to F and never receive a number, and substances used as additives sit under Regulation 1333/2008 instead. Confirm the position before EU or UK use.
JECFA (WHO / FAO)
JECFA number 1620, evaluated at the 68th meeting in 2007. no safety concern at current levels of intake.
Other US flags
Not on the California Proposition 65 list.
Odor and taste
Odor: Fruity, tart, citrus, green, fresh.
Where it is used
3-Isopropenylpentanedioic acid is used in beverage, confection, fruit flavors, sauces and dressings, typically as a fruity note.
Structurally similar flavor ingredients
Flavor ingredients with a GRAS determination closest to 3-Isopropenylpentanedioic acid by structure. Whether one can replace it is a sensory and regulatory call; the reformulation tool works that through.
| Material | FEMA | Similarity | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Citric Acid | 2306 | 72% | In nature |
| Aconitic acid | 2010 | 56% | In nature |
| l-Glutamic acid | 3285 | 51% | In nature |
| 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid | 4430 | 50% | In nature |
| 2-Oxopentanedioic acid | 3891 | 50% | In nature |
More acids in this index
Cyclohexanecarboxylic acid · (E,E)-2,4-Hexadienoic acid · 5-Oxooctanoic acid · N-Benzoylanthranilic acid · Valeric acid · 4-Methoxybenzoic acid
3-Isopropenylpentanedioic acid FAQ
Is 3-Isopropenylpentanedioic acid on the FEMA GRAS list?
It is. FEMA number 4352 covers 3-Isopropenylpentanedioic acid. It is also codified at 21 CFR 172.515.
What is the FEMA number for 3-Isopropenylpentanedioic acid?
The FEMA number for 3-Isopropenylpentanedioic acid is 4352 and its CAS registry number is 6839-75-4. FEMA files it in the fruity flavor category.
Is 3-Isopropenylpentanedioic acid natural or artificial?
Since 3-Isopropenylpentanedioic acid is found in nature, US labeling follows how it was obtained: natural flavor from a natural source and a natural process, artificial when 3-Isopropenylpentanedioic acid is synthesized. The EU and UK follow the same logic without a middle class; Mercosur and Mexico label synthetic 3-Isopropenylpentanedioic acid identical-to-natural.
Is 3-Isopropenylpentanedioic acid approved in the EU?
No EU FL number is on file for 3-Isopropenylpentanedioic acid. It has a JECFA evaluation (JECFA 1620), which the EU list draws on, but the Union List entry itself should be confirmed before EU use.
Has JECFA evaluated 3-Isopropenylpentanedioic acid?
Yes. JECFA number 1620, evaluated at the 68th meeting in 2007. Conclusion: no safety concern at current levels of intake.
What is 3-Isopropenylpentanedioic acid used for?
3-Isopropenylpentanedioic acid is described as fruity, tart, citrus, green, fresh. It shows up in beverage, confection, fruit flavors, sauces and dressings.
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Sources and attribution. The identity and regulatory facts on this page are taken from the FDA Substances Added to Food inventory, a US government record, which lists this substance as 3-ISOPROPENYLPENTANEDIOIC ACID under CAS 6839-75-4 and carries its FEMA number, its JECFA flavor number. The inventory is searchable at FDA. FDA records its technical effect as flavoring agent or adjuvant.
A FEMA GRAS conclusion is reached by the Expert Panel of the Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association of the United States, and the FEMA number names that conclusion. FEMA publishes its own entry for this substance in the FEMA Flavor Library, which is the authoritative record of what the Panel decided and is worth reading alongside this page.
Ambrose Compliance is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by FEMA. FEMA and FEMA GRAS are used here as identifiers for a published regulatory determination, not as marks of any relationship between FEMA and Ambrose.
About this page. Facts come from the FDA Substances Added to Food inventory, the Code of Federal Regulations, the EPA TSCA Inventory, the EU Union List, JECFA and the Ambrose database, with FEMA's published determination cited where it applies; parts of the text are written by Ambrose AI, which can make mistakes. Check the cited source before relying on anything here. This is not regulatory or legal advice.