Flavor ingredient regulatory record
3-Mercapto-2-methylpentanal
3-Mercapto-2-methylpentanal is a thiol in the fruity family, FEMA GRAS under FEMA number 3994 (CAS 227456-28-2). Its odor is garlic, onion, sulfur, fruity, pungent.
- FEMA
- 3994
- CAS
- 227456-28-2
- JECFA
- 1292
- EU FL
- 12.239
- Formula
- C6H12OS
GRAS status: FEMA GRAS, publication 20. Recorded by FDA in the Substances Added to Food inventory under CAS 227456-28-2.
Structure
Identity
Also known as: Pentanal, 3-mercapto-2-methyl-, 2-Methyl-3-sulfanylpentanal, pentanal, 3-mercapto-2-methyl-, 3-mercapto-2-methylpentanal [fhfi], 2-methyl-3-sulphanylpentanal, 2-methyl-3-sulfanylpentanal, 2-methyl-3-sulanylpentanal.
Can 3-Mercapto-2-methylpentanal be labeled natural?
Since 3-Mercapto-2-methylpentanal is found in nature, US labeling follows how it was obtained: natural flavor from a natural source and a natural process, artificial when 3-Mercapto-2-methylpentanal is synthesized. The EU and UK follow the same logic without a middle class; Mercosur and Mexico label synthetic 3-Mercapto-2-methylpentanal identical-to-natural.
- United States
- Natural or artificial, by process
- European Union and UK
- Natural only from natural material
- Mercosur and Mexico
- Natural or identical-to-natural
How each market defines the classes: natural vs artificial flavor under 21 CFR 101.22.
Regulatory status, with citations
United States
3-Mercapto-2-methylpentanal is FEMA GRAS under FEMA number 3994. It is cited in the Code of Federal Regulations at 21 CFR 172.515.
European Union and United Kingdom
Listed on the Union List of flavouring substances as FL 12.239, Annex I Part A under Regulation (EC) 1334/2008, evaluation status approved (EFSA). The UK retains the same list.
JECFA (WHO / FAO)
JECFA number 1292, evaluated at the 61st meeting in 2003. No safety concern at current levels of intake when used as a flavouring agent.
Other US flags
Not on the California Proposition 65 list. Listed on the EPA TSCA inventory.
Odor and taste
Odor: Garlic, onion, sulfur, fruity, pungent.
Where it is used
3-Mercapto-2-methylpentanal is used in savory dishes, sauces, seasonings and snacks, typically as a fruity note.
Structurally similar flavor ingredients
Flavor ingredients with a GRAS determination closest to 3-Mercapto-2-methylpentanal by structure. Whether one can replace it is a sensory and regulatory call; the reformulation tool works that through.
| Material | FEMA | Similarity | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3-Mercapto-2-pentanone | 3300 | 92% | In nature |
| 3-Mercaptohexanal | 4585 | 79% | Not determined |
| 2-Mercapto-3-butanol | 3502 | 71% | In nature |
More thiols in this index
1-(3-(Methylthio)-butyryl)-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexene · (+/-)-cis- and trans-2-Pentyl-4-propyl-1,3-oxathiane · Methyl isobutanethioate · 2,5-Dimethyl-3-tetrahydrofuranthiol, cis and trans isomers · Ethyl 2-Mercapto-2-methylpropionate · (+/-) 3-(Ethylthio)butanol
3-Mercapto-2-methylpentanal FAQ
Does 3-Mercapto-2-methylpentanal have FEMA GRAS status?
3-Mercapto-2-methylpentanal holds FEMA GRAS status under FEMA number 3994. It is also codified at 21 CFR 172.515.
How do I cite 3-Mercapto-2-methylpentanal by FEMA or CAS number?
Cite 3-Mercapto-2-methylpentanal as FEMA 3994 or CAS 227456-28-2; both point to the same entry. FEMA files it in the fruity flavor category.
Can 3-Mercapto-2-methylpentanal be labeled a natural flavor?
3-Mercapto-2-methylpentanal occurs in nature, so the label depends on the route: 3-Mercapto-2-methylpentanal won from a natural source by a physical, enzymatic or microbiological process is natural flavor in the United States, and synthesized 3-Mercapto-2-methylpentanal is artificial. The EU and UK grant the natural claim only to that natural route; Mercosur and Mexico call synthetic material identical-to-natural.
Can 3-Mercapto-2-methylpentanal be used in the EU and UK?
3-Mercapto-2-methylpentanal is on the EU Union List of flavouring substances as FL 12.239 (Annex I Part A) under Regulation 1334/2008.
Has JECFA evaluated 3-Mercapto-2-methylpentanal?
Yes. JECFA number 1292, evaluated at the 61st meeting in 2003. Conclusion: No safety concern at current levels of intake when used as a flavouring agent.
What does 3-Mercapto-2-methylpentanal smell and taste like, and where is it used?
The odor of 3-Mercapto-2-methylpentanal is garlic, onion, sulfur, fruity, pungent. Typical uses are savory dishes, sauces, seasonings and snacks.
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Sources and attribution. The identity and regulatory facts on this page are taken from the FDA Substances Added to Food inventory, a US government record, which lists this substance as 3-MERCAPTO-2-METHYLPENTANAL under CAS 227456-28-2 and carries its FEMA number, its JECFA flavor number. The inventory is searchable at FDA. FDA records its technical effect as flavoring agent or adjuvant.
A FEMA GRAS conclusion is reached by the Expert Panel of the Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association of the United States, and the FEMA number names that conclusion. FEMA publishes its own entry for this substance in the FEMA Flavor Library, which is the authoritative record of what the Panel decided and is worth reading alongside this page.
Ambrose Compliance is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by FEMA. FEMA and FEMA GRAS are used here as identifiers for a published regulatory determination, not as marks of any relationship between FEMA and Ambrose.
About this page. Facts come from the FDA Substances Added to Food inventory, the Code of Federal Regulations, the EPA TSCA Inventory, the EU Union List, JECFA and the Ambrose database, with FEMA's published determination cited where it applies; parts of the text are written by Ambrose AI, which can make mistakes. Check the cited source before relying on anything here. This is not regulatory or legal advice.