Flavor ingredient regulatory record
d-Camphor
d-Camphor is a terpene in the mint family, FEMA GRAS under FEMA number 2230 (CAS 464-49-3). Its odor is camphoraceous, woody, medicinal, fresh.
- FEMA
- 2230
- CAS
- 464-49-3
- JECFA
- 1395
- EU FL
- 07.215
- Formula
- C10H16O
- EC
- 207-355-2
GRAS status: FEMA GRAS, publication 3. Recorded by FDA in the Substances Added to Food inventory under CAS 464-49-3.
Structure
Identity
Also known as: Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one, 1,7,7-trimethyl-, (1R,4R)-, Camphor, (1R,4R)-(+)-, Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one, 1,7,7-trimethyl-, (1R)-, (1R,4R)-1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one, (+)-Camphor, Japanese camphor, D-(+)-Camphor, Camphor, (+)-, (+)-2-Bornanone, Alcanfor, (R)-(+)-Camphor, (1R)-Camphor.
Can d-Camphor be labeled natural?
Since d-Camphor is found in nature, US labeling follows how it was obtained: natural flavor from a natural source and a natural process, artificial when d-Camphor is synthesized. The EU and UK follow the same logic without a middle class; Mercosur and Mexico label synthetic d-Camphor identical-to-natural.
- United States
- Natural or artificial, by process
- European Union and UK
- Natural only from natural material
- Mercosur and Mexico
- Natural or identical-to-natural
How each market defines the classes: natural vs artificial flavor under 21 CFR 101.22.
Regulatory status, with citations
United States
d-Camphor is FEMA GRAS under FEMA number 2230. It is cited in the Code of Federal Regulations at 21 CFR 172.515.
European Union and United Kingdom
Listed on the Union List of flavouring substances as FL 07.215, Annex I Part A under Regulation (EC) 1334/2008, evaluation status approved (EFSA). The UK retains the same list. The entry carries use restrictions.
Use restrictions. In category 1 - not more than 16 mg/kg In categories 2 and 8 - not more than 50 mg/kg In category 3 - not more than 20 mg/kg In categories 5, 6, 7, 12 and 15 - not more than 100 mg/kg In category 14.1 - not more than 50 mg/l In category 14.2 - not more than 50 mg/l (except not more than 850 mg/l in Schwedenbitter )
JECFA (WHO / FAO)
JECFA number 1395, evaluated at the 63rd meeting in 2004. No safety concern at current levels of intake when used as a flavouring agent.
Other US flags
Not on the California Proposition 65 list.
TSCA Inventory status
A flavor ingredient is also an industrial chemical. d-Camphor appears on the EPA Toxic Substances Control Act Chemical Substance Inventory under CAS 464-49-3, where EPA names it Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one, 1,7,7-trimethyl-, (1R,4R)-.
Active in US commerce
EPA designates this substance active, so no Notice of Activity Form B is required before manufacturing. What active and inactive mean.
EPA publishes no regulatory flags on this listing. What the flags mean.
From the EPA non-confidential TSCA Inventory, July 2026 release. EPA also maintains a confidential portion it does not publish. Search the Inventory by CAS number.
Odor and taste
Odor: Camphoraceous, woody, medicinal, fresh.
Taste: Cooling, slightly bitter, herbal.
Where it is used
d-Camphor is used in beverage, confection, oral care and pharmaceuticals, typically as a mint note.
Structurally similar flavor ingredients
Flavor ingredients with a GRAS determination closest to d-Camphor by structure. Whether one can replace it is a sensory and regulatory call; the reformulation tool works that through.
| Material | FEMA | Similarity | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Isoborneol | 2158 | 89% | In nature |
| Borneol | 2157 | 89% | In nature |
| Bornyl formate | 2161 | 81% | In nature |
| d-Fenchone | 2479 | 79% | In nature |
| l-fenchone | 4519 | 79% | In nature |
More terpenes in this index
p-Menth-1-en-9-ol · p-Menth-3-en-1-ol · p-Mentha-1,4-diene · Isopulegone · l-8-p-Menthene-1,2-epoxide · Dihydrocarveol
d-Camphor FAQ
Does d-Camphor have FEMA GRAS status?
d-Camphor holds FEMA GRAS status under FEMA number 2230. It is also codified at 21 CFR 172.515.
How do I cite d-Camphor by FEMA or CAS number?
Cite d-Camphor as FEMA 2230 or CAS 464-49-3; both point to the same entry. FEMA files it in the mint flavor category.
Can d-Camphor be labeled a natural flavor?
d-Camphor occurs in nature, so the label depends on the route: d-Camphor won from a natural source by a physical, enzymatic or microbiological process is natural flavor in the United States, and synthesized d-Camphor is artificial. The EU and UK grant the natural claim only to that natural route; Mercosur and Mexico call synthetic material identical-to-natural.
Can d-Camphor be used in the EU and UK?
d-Camphor is on the EU Union List of flavouring substances as FL 07.215 (Annex I Part A) under Regulation 1334/2008. Its entry carries use restrictions, listed on this page.
Has JECFA evaluated d-Camphor?
Yes. JECFA number 1395, evaluated at the 63rd meeting in 2004. Conclusion: No safety concern at current levels of intake when used as a flavouring agent.
What does d-Camphor smell and taste like, and where is it used?
The odor of d-Camphor is camphoraceous, woody, medicinal, fresh. On the palate it is cooling, slightly bitter, herbal. Typical uses are beverage, confection, oral care and pharmaceuticals.
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Sources and attribution. The identity and regulatory facts on this page are taken from the FDA Substances Added to Food inventory, a US government record, which lists this substance as D-CAMPHOR under CAS 464-49-3 and carries its FEMA number, its JECFA flavor number and its 21 CFR citations. The inventory is searchable at FDA. FDA records its technical effect as color or coloring adjunct, flavor enhancer, flavoring agent or adjuvant.
A FEMA GRAS conclusion is reached by the Expert Panel of the Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association of the United States, and the FEMA number names that conclusion. FEMA publishes its own entry for this substance in the FEMA Flavor Library, which is the authoritative record of what the Panel decided and is worth reading alongside this page.
Ambrose Compliance is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by FEMA. FEMA and FEMA GRAS are used here as identifiers for a published regulatory determination, not as marks of any relationship between FEMA and Ambrose.
About this page. Facts come from the FDA Substances Added to Food inventory, the Code of Federal Regulations, the EPA TSCA Inventory, the EU Union List, JECFA and the Ambrose database, with FEMA's published determination cited where it applies; parts of the text are written by Ambrose AI, which can make mistakes. Check the cited source before relying on anything here. This is not regulatory or legal advice.