Flavor ingredient regulatory record
Isoamyl benzoate
Isoamyl benzoate is an ester in the fruity family, FEMA GRAS under FEMA number 2058 (CAS 94-46-2). Its odor is sweet, fruity, banana, pear, floral.
- FEMA
- 2058
- CAS
- 94-46-2
- JECFA
- 857
- EU FL
- 09.755
- Formula
- C12H16O2
- EC
- 202-334-4
GRAS status: FEMA GRAS, publication 3. Recorded by FDA in the Substances Added to Food inventory under CAS 94-46-2.
Structure
Identity
Also known as: 1-Butanol, 3-methyl-, 1-benzoate, Isopentyl alcohol, benzoate, 1-Butanol, 3-methyl-, benzoate, iso-Amyl benzoate, Isopentyl benzoate, 3-Methylbutyl benzoate, iso-Pentyl benzoate, NSC 9284, isopentyl benzoate, 3-methylbutyl benzoate, 1-butanol, 3-methyl-, benzoate, isopentyl alcohol, benzoate.
Can Isoamyl benzoate be labeled natural?
Since isoamyl benzoate is found in nature, US labeling follows how it was obtained: natural flavor from a natural source and a natural process, artificial when isoamyl benzoate is synthesized. In the EU and UK the natural claim likewise needs the natural route, while Mercosur and Mexico keep a third class, identical-to-natural, for the synthetic material.
- United States
- Natural or artificial, by process
- European Union and UK
- Natural only from natural material
- Mercosur and Mexico
- Natural or identical-to-natural
How each market defines the classes: natural vs artificial flavor under 21 CFR 101.22.
Regulatory status, with citations
United States
Isoamyl benzoate is FEMA GRAS under FEMA number 2058. It is cited in the Code of Federal Regulations at 21 CFR 172.515.
European Union and United Kingdom
Listed on the Union List of flavouring substances as FL 09.755, Annex I Part A under Regulation (EC) 1334/2008, evaluation status approved (EFSA). The UK retains the same list.
Purity. 65-68% 3-methylbutyl benzoate; 30-35% 2-methylbutyl benzoate; 1-5% n-pentyl benzoate
JECFA (WHO / FAO)
JECFA number 857, evaluated at the 57th meeting in 2001. No safety concern at current levels of intake when used as a flavouring agent.
Other US flags
Not on the California Proposition 65 list.
TSCA Inventory status
A flavor ingredient is also an industrial chemical. Isoamyl benzoate appears on the EPA Toxic Substances Control Act Chemical Substance Inventory under CAS 94-46-2, where EPA names it 1-Butanol, 3-methyl-, 1-benzoate.
Active in US commerce
EPA designates this substance active, so no Notice of Activity Form B is required before manufacturing. What active and inactive mean.
EPA publishes no regulatory flags on this listing. What the flags mean.
From the EPA non-confidential TSCA Inventory, July 2026 release. EPA also maintains a confidential portion it does not publish. Search the Inventory by CAS number.
Odor and taste
Odor: Sweet, fruity, banana, pear, floral.
Taste: Sweet, fruity, ripe.
Where it is used
Isoamyl benzoate is used in beverage, confection, fruit flavors, ice cream and bakery, typically as a fruity note.
Structurally similar flavor ingredients
Flavor ingredients with a GRAS determination closest to Isoamyl benzoate by structure. Whether one can replace it is a sensory and regulatory call; the reformulation tool works that through.
| Material | FEMA | Similarity | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Isoamyl salicylate | 2084 | 84% | In nature |
| Isoamyl phenylacetate | 2081 | 83% | In nature |
| Benzyl hexanoate | 4026 | 77% | In nature |
| Butyl phenylacetate | 2209 | 75% | In nature |
| Isoamyl cinnamate | 2063 | 73% | In nature |
More esters in this index
Ethyl 3-octenoate · Dodecyl lactate · Hexyl acetate · Sodium 2-(4-methoxyphenoxy)propanoate · Ethyl maltol isobutyrate · Cinnamyl isobutyrate
Isoamyl benzoate FAQ
Is isoamyl benzoate FEMA GRAS?
Yes. The FEMA Expert Panel lists isoamyl benzoate as GRAS under FEMA number 2058. It is also codified at 21 CFR 172.515.
What are the FEMA and CAS numbers for isoamyl benzoate?
Isoamyl benzoate is FEMA 2058, CAS 94-46-2. FEMA files it in the fruity flavor category.
Does isoamyl benzoate count as natural in the US and the EU?
Isoamyl benzoate occurs in nature, so the label depends on the route: isoamyl benzoate won from a natural source by a physical, enzymatic or microbiological process is natural flavor in the United States, and synthesized isoamyl benzoate is artificial. The EU and UK follow the same logic without a middle class; Mercosur and Mexico label synthetic isoamyl benzoate identical-to-natural.
Is isoamyl benzoate on the EU Union List?
Isoamyl benzoate is on the EU Union List of flavouring substances as FL 09.755 (Annex I Part A) under Regulation 1334/2008.
Has JECFA evaluated isoamyl benzoate?
Yes. JECFA number 857, evaluated at the 57th meeting in 2001. Conclusion: No safety concern at current levels of intake when used as a flavouring agent.
How is isoamyl benzoate described, and where does it show up?
Flavorists describe isoamyl benzoate as sweet, fruity, banana, pear, floral. On the palate it is sweet, fruity, ripe. It is used in beverage, confection, fruit flavors, ice cream and bakery.
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Guides: What Is FEMA GRAS? · Natural vs artificial · Filing a GRAS notification
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Sources and attribution. The identity and regulatory facts on this page are taken from the FDA Substances Added to Food inventory, a US government record, which lists this substance as ISOAMYL BENZOATE under CAS 94-46-2 and carries its FEMA number, its JECFA flavor number and its 21 CFR citations. The inventory is searchable at FDA. FDA records its technical effect as flavoring agent or adjuvant.
A FEMA GRAS conclusion is reached by the Expert Panel of the Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association of the United States, and the FEMA number names that conclusion. FEMA publishes its own entry for this substance in the FEMA Flavor Library, which is the authoritative record of what the Panel decided and is worth reading alongside this page.
Ambrose Compliance is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by FEMA. FEMA and FEMA GRAS are used here as identifiers for a published regulatory determination, not as marks of any relationship between FEMA and Ambrose.
About this page. Facts come from the FDA Substances Added to Food inventory, the Code of Federal Regulations, the EPA TSCA Inventory, the EU Union List, JECFA and the Ambrose database, with FEMA's published determination cited where it applies; parts of the text are written by Ambrose AI, which can make mistakes. Check the cited source before relying on anything here. This is not regulatory or legal advice.