Flavor ingredient regulatory record
Isoamyl hexanoate
Isoamyl hexanoate is an ester in the fruity family, FEMA GRAS under FEMA number 2075 (CAS 2198-61-0). Its odor is sweet, fruity, banana, pear, tropical.
- FEMA
- 2075
- CAS
- 2198-61-0
- JECFA
- 46
- EU FL
- 09.070
- Formula
- C11H22O2
- EC
- 218-600-8
GRAS status: FEMA GRAS, publication 3. Recorded by FDA in the Substances Added to Food inventory under CAS 2198-61-0.
Structure
Identity
Also known as: Hexanoic acid, 3-methylbutyl ester, Hexanoic acid, isopentyl ester, Isopentyl alcohol, hexanoate, Isoamyl caproate, 3-Methylbutyl hexanoate, Isopentyl hexanoate, Isopentyl caproate, isopentyl hexanoate, 3-methylbutyl hexanoate, isoamyl caproate, hexanoic acid, 3-methylbutyl ester, isopentyl caproate.
Can Isoamyl hexanoate be labeled natural?
The process decides for isoamyl hexanoate. It occurs in nature, so a natural-source, natural-process material is natural flavor in the US and synthetic isoamyl hexanoate is artificial. The EU and UK follow the same logic without a middle class; Mercosur and Mexico label synthetic isoamyl hexanoate identical-to-natural.
- United States
- Natural or artificial, by process
- European Union and UK
- Natural only from natural material
- Mercosur and Mexico
- Natural or identical-to-natural
How each market defines the classes: natural vs artificial flavor under 21 CFR 101.22.
Regulatory status, with citations
United States
Isoamyl hexanoate is FEMA GRAS under FEMA number 2075. It is cited in the Code of Federal Regulations at 21 CFR 172.515.
European Union and United Kingdom
Listed on the Union List of flavouring substances as FL 09.070, Annex I Part A under Regulation (EC) 1334/2008, evaluation status approved (JECFA). The UK retains the same list.
JECFA (WHO / FAO)
JECFA number 46, evaluated at the 46th meeting in 1996. No safety concern at current levels of intake when used as a flavouring agent.
Other US flags
Not on the California Proposition 65 list.
TSCA Inventory status
A flavor ingredient is also an industrial chemical. Isoamyl hexanoate appears on the EPA Toxic Substances Control Act Chemical Substance Inventory under CAS 2198-61-0, where EPA names it Hexanoic acid, 3-methylbutyl ester.
Active in US commerce
EPA designates this substance active, so no Notice of Activity Form B is required before manufacturing. What active and inactive mean.
EPA publishes no regulatory flags on this listing. What the flags mean.
From the EPA non-confidential TSCA Inventory, July 2026 release. EPA also maintains a confidential portion it does not publish. Search the Inventory by CAS number.
Odor and taste
Odor: Sweet, fruity, banana, pear, tropical.
Where it is used
Isoamyl hexanoate is used in beverage, confection, fruit flavors, ice cream and baked goods, typically as a fruity note.
Structurally similar flavor ingredients
Flavor ingredients with a GRAS determination closest to Isoamyl hexanoate by structure. Whether one can replace it is a sensory and regulatory call; the reformulation tool works that through.
| Material | FEMA | Similarity | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Isoamyl octanoate | 2080 | 93% | In nature |
| Butyl hexanoate | 2201 | 93% | In nature |
| Isoamyl nonanoate | 2078 | 83% | In nature |
| Isoamyl isovalerate | 2085 | 73% | In nature |
More esters in this index
Decyl propionate · Diethyl succinate · 3-Hexenyl phenylacetate · alpha-Methylbenzyl acetate · Methyl anisate · 2-Acetoxy-3-butanone
Isoamyl hexanoate FAQ
Is isoamyl hexanoate on the FEMA GRAS list?
It is. FEMA number 2075 covers isoamyl hexanoate. The Code of Federal Regulations lists it at 21 CFR 172.515.
What is the FEMA number for isoamyl hexanoate?
The FEMA number for isoamyl hexanoate is 2075 and its CAS registry number is 2198-61-0. Its flavor category is fruity.
What is isoamyl hexanoate used for?
Isoamyl hexanoate is described as sweet, fruity, banana, pear, tropical. It shows up in beverage, confection, fruit flavors, ice cream and baked goods.
What did JECFA conclude about isoamyl hexanoate?
JECFA evaluated isoamyl hexanoate at the 46th meeting in 1996 under JECFA number 46. The panel concluded: No safety concern at current levels of intake when used as a flavouring agent.
Is isoamyl hexanoate approved in the EU?
Yes. FL 09.070 is the Union List entry for isoamyl hexanoate, annex I Part A, under Regulation 1334/2008, and the UK keeps the same list.
Is isoamyl hexanoate natural or artificial?
Nature makes isoamyl hexanoate, which is why the US label turns on process. A natural route gives natural flavor; synthesis gives artificial isoamyl hexanoate, same molecule. The EU and UK grant the natural claim only to that natural route; Mercosur and Mexico call synthetic material identical-to-natural.
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Guides: What Is FEMA GRAS? · Natural vs artificial · Filing a GRAS notification
Check Isoamyl hexanoate in a formula
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Sources and attribution. The identity and regulatory facts on this page are taken from the FDA Substances Added to Food inventory, a US government record, which lists this substance as ISOAMYL HEXANOATE under CAS 2198-61-0 and carries its FEMA number, its JECFA flavor number and its 21 CFR citations. The inventory is searchable at FDA. FDA records its technical effect as flavoring agent or adjuvant.
A FEMA GRAS conclusion is reached by the Expert Panel of the Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association of the United States, and the FEMA number names that conclusion. FEMA publishes its own entry for this substance in the FEMA Flavor Library, which is the authoritative record of what the Panel decided and is worth reading alongside this page.
Ambrose Compliance is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by FEMA. FEMA and FEMA GRAS are used here as identifiers for a published regulatory determination, not as marks of any relationship between FEMA and Ambrose.
About this page. Facts come from the FDA Substances Added to Food inventory, the Code of Federal Regulations, the EPA TSCA Inventory, the EU Union List, JECFA and the Ambrose database, with FEMA's published determination cited where it applies; parts of the text are written by Ambrose AI, which can make mistakes. Check the cited source before relying on anything here. This is not regulatory or legal advice.