Flavor ingredient regulatory record
Verbenol
Verbenol is a terpene in the fruity family, FEMA GRAS under FEMA number 3594 (CAS 473-67-6). Its odor is citrusy, herbal, fresh, green.
- FEMA
- 3594
- CAS
- 473-67-6
- JECFA
- 1404
- EU FL
- 02.101
- Formula
- C10H16O
- EC
- 207-470-8
GRAS status: FEMA GRAS, publication 11. Recorded by FDA in the Substances Added to Food inventory under CAS 473-67-6.
Structure
Identity
Also known as: Bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-3-en-2-ol, 4,6,6-trimethyl-, 2-Pinen-4-ol, 4,6,6-Trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-3-en-2-ol, NSC 408848, 2,6,6-Trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-en-4-ol, 4,6,6-trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-3-en-2-ol, berbenol, 2-pinen-4-ol, 4,6,6-trimethylbicyclo(3.1.1)hept-3-en-2-ol, d-verbenol, cis-verbenol, (e)-verbenol.
Can Verbenol be labeled natural?
Since verbenol is found in nature, US labeling follows how it was obtained: natural flavor from a natural source and a natural process, artificial when verbenol is synthesized. In the EU and UK the natural claim likewise needs the natural route, while Mercosur and Mexico keep a third class, identical-to-natural, for the synthetic material.
- United States
- Natural or artificial, by process
- European Union and UK
- Natural only from natural material
- Mercosur and Mexico
- Natural or identical-to-natural
How each market defines the classes: natural vs artificial flavor under 21 CFR 101.22.
Regulatory status, with citations
United States
Verbenol is FEMA GRAS under FEMA number 3594. It is cited in the Code of Federal Regulations at 21 CFR 172.515.
European Union and United Kingdom
Listed on the Union List of flavouring substances as FL 02.101, Annex I Part A under Regulation (EC) 1334/2008, evaluation status approved (EFSA). The UK retains the same list.
JECFA (WHO / FAO)
JECFA number 1404, evaluated at the 63rd meeting in 2004. No safety concern at current levels of intake when used as a flavouring agent.
Other US flags
Not on the California Proposition 65 list.
Odor and taste
Odor: Citrusy, herbal, fresh, green.
Taste: Citrus, slightly sweet, refreshing.
Where it is used
Verbenol is used in beverage, confection, flavoring, cosmetics and aromatherapy, typically as a fruity note.
Structurally similar flavor ingredients
Flavor ingredients with a GRAS determination closest to Verbenol by structure. Whether one can replace it is a sensory and regulatory call; the reformulation tool works that through.
| Material | FEMA | Similarity | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Verbenone | 4216 | 96% | In nature |
| Myrtenol | 3439 | 89% | In nature |
| 2(10)-Pinen-3-ol | 3587 | 88% | In nature |
| 10-Hydroxymethylene-2-pinene | 3938 | 83% | In nature |
| Myrtenyl acetate | 3765 | 73% | In nature |
More terpenes in this index
trans-Carvone-5,6-oxide · d-2,8-p-Menthadien-1-ol · d-8-p-Menthene-1,2-epoxide · alpha-Campholenic alcohol · 3,7-Dimethyl-1,3,6-octatriene · (E,R)-3,7-Dimethyl-1,5,7-octatrien-3-ol
Verbenol FAQ
Is verbenol FEMA GRAS?
Yes. The FEMA Expert Panel lists verbenol as GRAS under FEMA number 3594. It is also codified at 21 CFR 172.515.
What are the FEMA and CAS numbers for verbenol?
Verbenol is FEMA 3594, CAS 473-67-6. FEMA files it in the fruity flavor category.
Does verbenol count as natural in the US and the EU?
Verbenol occurs in nature, so the label depends on the route: verbenol won from a natural source by a physical, enzymatic or microbiological process is natural flavor in the United States, and synthesized verbenol is artificial. The EU and UK follow the same logic without a middle class; Mercosur and Mexico label synthetic verbenol identical-to-natural.
Is verbenol on the EU Union List?
Verbenol is on the EU Union List of flavouring substances as FL 02.101 (Annex I Part A) under Regulation 1334/2008.
Has JECFA evaluated verbenol?
Yes. JECFA number 1404, evaluated at the 63rd meeting in 2004. Conclusion: No safety concern at current levels of intake when used as a flavouring agent.
How is verbenol described, and where does it show up?
Flavorists describe verbenol as citrusy, herbal, fresh, green. On the palate it is citrus, slightly sweet, refreshing. It is used in beverage, confection, flavoring, cosmetics and aromatherapy.
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Guides: What Is FEMA GRAS? · Natural vs artificial · Filing a GRAS notification
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Sources and attribution. The identity and regulatory facts on this page are taken from the FDA Substances Added to Food inventory, a US government record, which lists this substance as VERBENOL under CAS 473-67-6 and carries its FEMA number, its JECFA flavor number and its 21 CFR citations. The inventory is searchable at FDA. FDA records its technical effect as flavoring agent or adjuvant.
A FEMA GRAS conclusion is reached by the Expert Panel of the Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association of the United States, and the FEMA number names that conclusion. FEMA publishes its own entry for this substance in the FEMA Flavor Library, which is the authoritative record of what the Panel decided and is worth reading alongside this page.
Ambrose Compliance is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by FEMA. FEMA and FEMA GRAS are used here as identifiers for a published regulatory determination, not as marks of any relationship between FEMA and Ambrose.
About this page. Facts come from the FDA Substances Added to Food inventory, the Code of Federal Regulations, the EPA TSCA Inventory, the EU Union List, JECFA and the Ambrose database, with FEMA's published determination cited where it applies; parts of the text are written by Ambrose AI, which can make mistakes. Check the cited source before relying on anything here. This is not regulatory or legal advice.