Flavor ingredient regulatory record
alpha-Campholenic alcohol
alpha-Campholenic alcohol is a terpene in the fruity family, FEMA GRAS under FEMA number 3741 (CAS 1901-38-8). Its odor is sweet, herbal, citrus, woody, floral.
- FEMA
- 3741
- CAS
- 1901-38-8
- JECFA
- 970
- EU FL
- 02.114
- Formula
- C10H18O
- EC
- 217-600-5
GRAS status: FEMA GRAS, publication 14. Recorded by FDA in the Substances Added to Food inventory under CAS 1901-38-8.
Structure
Identity
Also known as: 3-Cyclopentene-1-ethanol, 2,2,3-trimethyl-, 2,2,3-Trimethyl-3-cyclopentene-1-ethanol, α-Campholenol, Trimenol, (±)-Campholene alcohol, Naturanol, 2-(2,2,3-Trimethylcyclopent-3-en-1-yl)ethan-1-ol, 2-(2,2,3-Trimethylcyclopent-3-en-1-yl)ethanol, alpha-campholenol, 2-(2,2,3-trimethylcyclopent-3-en-1-yl)ethanol, .alpha.-campholenol, naturanol.
Can alpha-Campholenic alcohol be labeled natural?
Nature makes alpha-Campholenic alcohol, which is why the US label turns on process. A natural route gives natural flavor; synthesis gives artificial alpha-Campholenic alcohol, same molecule. The EU and UK follow the same logic without a middle class; Mercosur and Mexico label synthetic alpha-Campholenic alcohol identical-to-natural.
- United States
- Natural or artificial, by process
- European Union and UK
- Natural only from natural material
- Mercosur and Mexico
- Natural or identical-to-natural
How each market defines the classes: natural vs artificial flavor under 21 CFR 101.22.
Regulatory status, with citations
United States
alpha-Campholenic alcohol is FEMA GRAS under FEMA number 3741. It is cited in the Code of Federal Regulations at 21 CFR 172.515.
European Union and United Kingdom
Listed on the Union List of flavouring substances as FL 02.114, Annex I Part A under Regulation (EC) 1334/2008, evaluation status approved (EFSA). The UK retains the same list.
JECFA (WHO / FAO)
JECFA number 970, evaluated at the 59th meeting in 2002. No safety concern at current levels of intake when used as a flavouring agent.
Other US flags
Not on the California Proposition 65 list.
Odor and taste
Odor: Sweet, herbal, citrus, woody, floral.
Where it is used
alpha-Campholenic alcohol is used in beverage, confection, flavoring and perfume, typically as a fruity note.
Structurally similar flavor ingredients
Flavor ingredients with a GRAS determination closest to alpha-Campholenic alcohol by structure. Whether one can replace it is a sensory and regulatory call; the reformulation tool works that through.
| Material | FEMA | Similarity | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bornyl formate | 2161 | 68% | In nature |
| Bornyl acetate | 2159 | 65% | In nature |
| Isobornyl acetate | 2160 | 65% | In nature |
| d-Camphor | 2230 | 65% | In nature |
| Borneol | 2157 | 64% | In nature |
More terpenes in this index
Verbenol · d-2,8-p-Menthadien-1-ol · d-3-Carene · Allyl alpha-ionone · Myrtenol · 10-Hydroxymethylene-2-pinene
alpha-Campholenic alcohol FAQ
Is alpha-Campholenic alcohol FEMA GRAS?
Yes. The FEMA Expert Panel lists alpha-Campholenic alcohol as GRAS under FEMA number 3741. The Code of Federal Regulations lists it at 21 CFR 172.515.
What are the FEMA and CAS numbers for alpha-Campholenic alcohol?
alpha-Campholenic alcohol is FEMA 3741, CAS 1901-38-8. Its flavor category is fruity.
How is alpha-Campholenic alcohol described, and where does it show up?
Flavorists describe alpha-Campholenic alcohol as sweet, herbal, citrus, woody, floral. It is used in beverage, confection, flavoring and perfume.
What did JECFA conclude about alpha-Campholenic alcohol?
JECFA evaluated alpha-Campholenic alcohol at the 59th meeting in 2002 under JECFA number 970. The panel concluded: No safety concern at current levels of intake when used as a flavouring agent.
Is alpha-Campholenic alcohol on the EU Union List?
Yes. FL 02.114 is the Union List entry for alpha-Campholenic alcohol, annex I Part A, under Regulation 1334/2008, and the UK keeps the same list.
Does alpha-Campholenic alcohol count as natural in the US and the EU?
The process decides for alpha-Campholenic alcohol. It occurs in nature, so a natural-source, natural-process material is natural flavor in the US and synthetic alpha-Campholenic alcohol is artificial. The EU and UK follow the same logic without a middle class; Mercosur and Mexico label synthetic alpha-Campholenic alcohol identical-to-natural.
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Guides: What Is FEMA GRAS? · Natural vs artificial · Filing a GRAS notification
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Sources and attribution. The identity and regulatory facts on this page are taken from the FDA Substances Added to Food inventory, a US government record, which lists this substance as ALPHA-CAMPHOLENIC ALCOHOL under CAS 1901-38-8 and carries its FEMA number, its JECFA flavor number. The inventory is searchable at FDA. FDA records its technical effect as flavoring agent or adjuvant.
A FEMA GRAS conclusion is reached by the Expert Panel of the Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association of the United States, and the FEMA number names that conclusion. FEMA publishes its own entry for this substance in the FEMA Flavor Library, which is the authoritative record of what the Panel decided and is worth reading alongside this page.
Ambrose Compliance is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by FEMA. FEMA and FEMA GRAS are used here as identifiers for a published regulatory determination, not as marks of any relationship between FEMA and Ambrose.
About this page. Facts come from the FDA Substances Added to Food inventory, the Code of Federal Regulations, the EPA TSCA Inventory, the EU Union List, JECFA and the Ambrose database, with FEMA's published determination cited where it applies; parts of the text are written by Ambrose AI, which can make mistakes. Check the cited source before relying on anything here. This is not regulatory or legal advice.